A LONG WALK TO FREEDOM: SUMMARY, GLOSSARY, ANTONYMS, SYNONYMS AND COMPREHENSION QESITONS AND ANSWERS

 A LONG WALK TO FREEDOM

Glossary:

1.     Obligations: Duties or responsibilities that one is required to fulfill.

2.     Civil: Relating to the rights and responsibilities of citizens in a society.

3.     Humane: Showing compassion and kindness towards others.

4.     Inclinations: Tendencies or preferences.

5.     Twilight existence: A life lived in secrecy and obscurity.

6.     Rebellion: Defiance or resistance against authority or oppression.

7.     Hunger: Strong desire or craving.

8.     Transitory: Temporary or short-lived.

9.     Honourable: Deserving respect and admiration.

10.  Obstructed: Blocked or hindered.

11.  Animated: Inspired or motivated.

12.  Indivisible: Cannot be divided or separated.

13.  Oppressor: A person or group that exercises unjust or cruel power over others.

14.  Prejudice: Preconceived opinion or judgment formed without adequate knowledge.

15.  Narrow-mindedness: Limited or intolerant thinking.

16.  Humanity: The quality of being humane or compassionate.

17.  Liberated: Set free or released.

18.  Robbed: Deprived or taken away.

19.  Transformed: Changed or converted.

20.  Bold: Fearless or courageous.

21.  Virtuous: Having high moral standards and principles.

22.  Self-sacrificing: Willing to sacrifice one's own interests for the benefit of others.

23.  Oppressed: Subject to unjust treatment or control.

24.  Dignity: Respect and honor in one's behavior and treatment.

25.  Freedom: The state of being free, without restrictions or oppression

 

Antonyms:

1.     Safe - Dangerous

2.     Obligations - Freedoms

3.     Human - Inhumane

4.     Free - Restricted

5.     Included - Prevented

6.     Lawful - Criminal

7.     Loved - Without a home

8.     Virtuous - Selfish

9.     Oppressed - Liberated

10.  Locked - Released

11.  Prejudice - Open-mindedness

12.  Liberated - Imprisoned

13.  Compassion - Hatred

14.  Fearless - Fearful

15.  Respect - Disrespect

16.  Courageous - Timid

17.  Morality - Immorality

18.  Injustice - Justice

19.  Obeyed - Defied

20.  Temporary - Permanent

 

Synonyms:

1.     Twin - Dual

2.     Obligations - Responsibilities

3.     Civil - Civic

4.     Humane - Compassionate

5.     Fulfil - Satisfy

6.     Punished - Penalized

7.     Isolated - Secluded

8.     Hunger - Craving

9.     Freedom - Liberty

10.  Transitory - Temporary

11.  Yearned - Longed

12.  Honourable - Respectable

13.  Obstructed - Hindered

14.  Animated - Inspired

15.  Indivisible - Inseparable

16.  Oppressor - Tyrant

17.  Prejudice - Bias

18.  Narrow-mindedness - Intolerance

19.  Humanity - Compassion

20.  Liberated - Freed

 

Comprehension Questions and Answers:

1.     What are the twin obligations that every man has in life, according to Nelson Mandela?

Ans: According to Nelson Mandela, every man has twin obligations: obligations to his family (parents, wife, and children) and obligations to his people, community, and country.

2.     Why was it almost impossible for a man of Mandela's birth and color to fulfill both of his obligations in South Africa?

Ans: In South Africa, during Mandela's time, a man of color who attempted to live as a human being was punished and isolated. If he tried to fulfill his duty to his people, he was forcibly separated from his family and home, leading to a life of secrecy and rebellion.

3.     Describe Mandela's early view of freedom.

Ans: Mandela was born free and enjoyed freedom in every way that he knew. He had the freedom to run, swim, and play in his village as long as he obeyed his father and followed tribal customs.

4.     What changed Mandela's perception of freedom as he grew older?

Ans: As Mandela grew older, he realized that his boyhood freedom was an illusion. He discovered that his freedom had already been taken away because of the apartheid system in South Africa, which oppressed people of color.

5.     How did Mandela's hunger for freedom evolve from personal desires to a greater cause?

Ans: Initially, Mandela wanted freedom for himself, such as the freedom to stay out at night, read, and go where he chose. However, as he saw the curtailment of freedom for his brothers and sisters who looked like him, his desire for personal freedom grew into a hunger for the freedom of his people.

6.     Why did Mandela join the African National Congress (ANC)?

Ans: Mandela joined the ANC because he wanted the freedom of his people to live with dignity and self-respect. He believed in the liberation of both the oppressed and the oppressor.

7.     What does Mandela mean by "Freedom is indivisible"?

Ans: Mandela means that freedom cannot be separated or divided. The lack of freedom for one person or group of people is the lack of freedom for all. If any person is oppressed, it affects the freedom of others as well.

8.     How does Mandela view the oppressor and the oppressed?

Ans: Mandela believes that the oppressor must be liberated just as much as the oppressed. Taking away someone else's freedom makes the oppressor a prisoner of hatred and prejudice. Both the oppressor and the oppressed are robbed of their humanity.

9.     What transformed Mandela from a frightened young man to a bold one?

Ans: Mandela's desire for the freedom of his people, along with the hunger for their dignity and self-respect, transformed him from a frightened young man into a bold leader.

10.  What did Mandela's desire for freedom lead him to do, even at the cost of personal sacrifices?

Ans: Mandela's desire for freedom led him to join the African National Congress and engage in activities that challenged the apartheid regime. He was willing to sacrifice his personal freedoms, family life, and even his own freedom to fight for the liberation of his people.

 A LONG WALK TO FREEDOM

Glossary:

1.     Obligations: Duties or responsibilities that one is required to fulfill.

2.     Civil: Relating to the rights and responsibilities of citizens in a society.

3.     Humane: Showing compassion and kindness towards others.

4.     Inclinations: Tendencies or preferences.

5.     Twilight existence: A life lived in secrecy and obscurity.

6.     Rebellion: Defiance or resistance against authority or oppression.

7.     Hunger: Strong desire or craving.

8.     Transitory: Temporary or short-lived.

9.     Honourable: Deserving respect and admiration.

10.  Obstructed: Blocked or hindered.

11.  Animated: Inspired or motivated.

12.  Indivisible: Cannot be divided or separated.

13.  Oppressor: A person or group that exercises unjust or cruel power over others.

14.  Prejudice: Preconceived opinion or judgment formed without adequate knowledge.

15.  Narrow-mindedness: Limited or intolerant thinking.

16.  Humanity: The quality of being humane or compassionate.

17.  Liberated: Set free or released.

18.  Robbed: Deprived or taken away.

19.  Transformed: Changed or converted.

20.  Bold: Fearless or courageous.

21.  Virtuous: Having high moral standards and principles.

22.  Self-sacrificing: Willing to sacrifice one's own interests for the benefit of others.

23.  Oppressed: Subject to unjust treatment or control.

24.  Dignity: Respect and honor in one's behavior and treatment.

25.  Freedom: The state of being free, without restrictions or oppression

 

Antonyms:

1.     Safe - Dangerous

2.     Obligations - Freedoms

3.     Human - Inhumane

4.     Free - Restricted

5.     Included - Prevented

6.     Lawful - Criminal

7.     Loved - Without a home

8.     Virtuous - Selfish

9.     Oppressed - Liberated

10.  Locked - Released

11.  Prejudice - Open-mindedness

12.  Liberated - Imprisoned

13.  Compassion - Hatred

14.  Fearless - Fearful

15.  Respect - Disrespect

16.  Courageous - Timid

17.  Morality - Immorality

18.  Injustice - Justice

19.  Obeyed - Defied

20.  Temporary - Permanent

 

Synonyms:

1.     Twin - Dual

2.     Obligations - Responsibilities

3.     Civil - Civic

4.     Humane - Compassionate

5.     Fulfil - Satisfy

6.     Punished - Penalized

7.     Isolated - Secluded

8.     Hunger - Craving

9.     Freedom - Liberty

10.  Transitory - Temporary

11.  Yearned - Longed

12.  Honourable - Respectable

13.  Obstructed - Hindered

14.  Animated - Inspired

15.  Indivisible - Inseparable

16.  Oppressor - Tyrant

17.  Prejudice - Bias

18.  Narrow-mindedness - Intolerance

19.  Humanity - Compassion

20.  Liberated - Freed

 

Comprehension Questions and Answers:

1.     What are the twin obligations that every man has in life, according to Nelson Mandela?

Ans: According to Nelson Mandela, every man has twin obligations: obligations to his family (parents, wife, and children) and obligations to his people, community, and country.

2.     Why was it almost impossible for a man of Mandela's birth and color to fulfill both of his obligations in South Africa?

Ans: In South Africa, during Mandela's time, a man of color who attempted to live as a human being was punished and isolated. If he tried to fulfill his duty to his people, he was forcibly separated from his family and home, leading to a life of secrecy and rebellion.

3.     Describe Mandela's early view of freedom.

Ans: Mandela was born free and enjoyed freedom in every way that he knew. He had the freedom to run, swim, and play in his village as long as he obeyed his father and followed tribal customs.

4.     What changed Mandela's perception of freedom as he grew older?

Ans: As Mandela grew older, he realized that his boyhood freedom was an illusion. He discovered that his freedom had already been taken away because of the apartheid system in South Africa, which oppressed people of color.

5.     How did Mandela's hunger for freedom evolve from personal desires to a greater cause?

Ans: Initially, Mandela wanted freedom for himself, such as the freedom to stay out at night, read, and go where he chose. However, as he saw the curtailment of freedom for his brothers and sisters who looked like him, his desire for personal freedom grew into a hunger for the freedom of his people.

6.     Why did Mandela join the African National Congress (ANC)?

Ans: Mandela joined the ANC because he wanted the freedom of his people to live with dignity and self-respect. He believed in the liberation of both the oppressed and the oppressor.

7.     What does Mandela mean by "Freedom is indivisible"?

Ans: Mandela means that freedom cannot be separated or divided. The lack of freedom for one person or group of people is the lack of freedom for all. If any person is oppressed, it affects the freedom of others as well.

8.     How does Mandela view the oppressor and the oppressed?

Ans: Mandela believes that the oppressor must be liberated just as much as the oppressed. Taking away someone else's freedom makes the oppressor a prisoner of hatred and prejudice. Both the oppressor and the oppressed are robbed of their humanity.

9.     What transformed Mandela from a frightened young man to a bold one?

Ans: Mandela's desire for the freedom of his people, along with the hunger for their dignity and self-respect, transformed him from a frightened young man into a bold leader.

10.  What did Mandela's desire for freedom lead him to do, even at the cost of personal sacrifices?

Ans: Mandela's desire for freedom led him to join the African National Congress and engage in activities that challenged the apartheid regime. He was willing to sacrifice his personal freedoms, family life, and even his own freedom to fight for the liberation of his people.

HAM RADIO : GLOSSARY, ANTONYMS, SYNONYMS AND COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 HAM RADIO

Glossary:

1.     Disaster management: The process of preparing for, responding to, and recovering from disasters or emergencies to minimize their impact on people and property.

2.     Calamities: Disasters or events causing great distress or destruction, such as floods, storms, and fires.

3.     Ample: Plentiful, sufficient, abundant.

4.     Inoperative: Not functioning or working, not in operation.

5.     Terrestrial: Relating to the Earth, land-based.

6.     Choke points: Bottlenecks or areas of congestion where the flow of communication or traffic can be restricted.

7.     Interoperability: The ability of different communication systems or agencies to work together effectively.

8.     Improvising: Creating or making something up on the spot without prior planning.

9.     Adept: Skilled, proficient, capable.

10.  Tragedy: A disastrous event or serious misfortune, often causing great suffering or loss.

11.  Traffic network: A system or network for the exchange of information or communication.

12.  Disparate: Different or distinct in nature, dissimilar.

13.  Enhance: To improve or increase in quality or value.

14.  Hurricane: A severe tropical cyclone with strong winds and heavy rain.

15.  Tsunami: A series of large ocean waves, usually caused by an underwater earthquake or volcanic eruption.

16.  Interference: Disturbance or disruption of a communication signal.

17.  Sichuan earthquake: A powerful earthquake that occurred in Sichuan province, China, in 2008.

18.  Ham radio: Amateur radio, a form of communication using radio frequencies operated by licensed individuals.

19.  Expedition: A journey or trip, often for a specific purpose or exploration.

20.  Remote: Distant, far-off, located far away from urban areas.

21.  Essential: Crucial, necessary, indispensable.

22.  Morse Code: A system of communication using sequences of dots and dashes to represent letters and numbers.

23.  Communication Procedure: The rules and methods for effective communication.

24.  Basic Electronics: Fundamental principles and components of electronic systems.

25.  License: Authorization or permission granted by a government authority to operate a radio station or perform specific activities.

26.  Wireless Planning & Co-ordination Wing: A government department responsible for planning and coordinating wireless communication services in India.

27.  DOT: Department of Telecommunications, a government department in India responsible for telecommunications policy and regulation.

Antonyms:

1.     Safe - Dangerous

2.     Relief - Crisis

3.     Efficient - Inefficient

4.     Calamities - Blessings

5.     Workforce - Inactivity

6.     Fail - Succeed

7.     Terrestrial - Celestial

8.     Enhance - Diminish

9.     Adapt - Resist

10.  Chaos - Order

11.  Inoperative - Operational

12.  Adverse - Favourable

13.  Breakdown - Continuation

14.  Require - Abandon

15.  License - Prohibit

16.  Efficient - Ineffective

Synonyms:

1.     Disaster - Catastrophe

2.     Strike - Hit

3.     Communication - Contact

4.     Crew - Team

5.     Calamity - Misfortune

6.     Efficient - Effective

7.     Natural - Unnatural

8.     Floods - Deluge

9.     Storms - Tempests

10.  Relief - Assistance

11.  Inoperative - Non-functional

12.  Choke - Clog

13.  Efficient - Proficient

14.  Disaster - Tragedy

15.  Relayed - Transmitted

16.  Improvising - Adapting

17.  Qualify - Pass

18.  Examination - Test

19.  Basic - Fundamental

Comprehension Questions and Answers:

1.     Why is an efficient disaster management system imperative in public places and business establishments?

Ans: An efficient disaster management system is imperative in public places and business establishments because disasters and terrorism can strike at any moment, and communication is essential in times of disaster. It helps coordinate relief efforts, provide information, and ensure the safety of people.

2.     How does Ham Radio (Amateur Radio) play a crucial role in disaster management?

Ans: Ham Radio is vital in disaster management because it can work in adverse conditions where other communication systems might fail. It uses HF radio sets to convey or relay messages over long distances, providing an accurate picture of the situation during natural calamities.

3.     What advantages do Amateur Radio Operators (Hams) have in disaster situations compared to commercial communication systems?

Ans: Amateur Radio Operators have advantages such as innovation, adaptability, and the ability to improvise antennas and power sources. Unlike commercial systems, Ham Radio is not dependent on terrestrial facilities and can quickly establish networks to enhance interoperability among various agencies.

4.     How can Amateur Radio Operators help during disasters and emergencies?

Ans: Amateur Radio Operators can provide essential communication when other systems fail, coordinate disaster relief activities, and relay crucial information to emergency response teams. They can also handle medical and other emergency traffic on a daily basis, assisting those in remote places who need urgent help.

5.     How can one become a licensed Amateur Radio Operator?

Ans: To become a licensed Amateur Radio Operator, one must qualify in an examination conducted by the Ministry of Communications, Government of India. There are no age restrictions, and no educational qualifications are required. The examination includes subjects like Morse Code, Communication Procedure, and Basic Electronics.

6.     How does Ham Radio prove beneficial during various disasters and emergencies worldwide?

Ans: Ham Radio has been used during various disasters and emergencies, such as the Gujarat earthquake, the September 11 attacks, the North America blackout, and Hurricane Katrina. It has helped coordinate relief activities, provide live weather information, and establish emergency communication in regions where other communication systems have failed.

7.     What is the role of Ham Radio during everyday emergencies and medical situations?

Ans: Ham Radio provides a special section to handle medical and other emergency traffic on their daily nets. It helps in situations where communication is slow or impossible, assisting those in need of medical attention or essential supplies.

8.     Who conducts the Amateur Station Operator License Examination, and how are licenses issued?

Ans: The Officer-In-Charge, Wireless Monitoring Station, Department of Telecommunications under the Ministry of Communication, Government of India, conducts the Amateur Station Operator License Examination. After passing the test, licenses are issued by the Wireless Planning & Co-ordination Wing of DOT, Government of India.

 HAM RADIO

Glossary:

1.     Disaster management: The process of preparing for, responding to, and recovering from disasters or emergencies to minimize their impact on people and property.

2.     Calamities: Disasters or events causing great distress or destruction, such as floods, storms, and fires.

3.     Ample: Plentiful, sufficient, abundant.

4.     Inoperative: Not functioning or working, not in operation.

5.     Terrestrial: Relating to the Earth, land-based.

6.     Choke points: Bottlenecks or areas of congestion where the flow of communication or traffic can be restricted.

7.     Interoperability: The ability of different communication systems or agencies to work together effectively.

8.     Improvising: Creating or making something up on the spot without prior planning.

9.     Adept: Skilled, proficient, capable.

10.  Tragedy: A disastrous event or serious misfortune, often causing great suffering or loss.

11.  Traffic network: A system or network for the exchange of information or communication.

12.  Disparate: Different or distinct in nature, dissimilar.

13.  Enhance: To improve or increase in quality or value.

14.  Hurricane: A severe tropical cyclone with strong winds and heavy rain.

15.  Tsunami: A series of large ocean waves, usually caused by an underwater earthquake or volcanic eruption.

16.  Interference: Disturbance or disruption of a communication signal.

17.  Sichuan earthquake: A powerful earthquake that occurred in Sichuan province, China, in 2008.

18.  Ham radio: Amateur radio, a form of communication using radio frequencies operated by licensed individuals.

19.  Expedition: A journey or trip, often for a specific purpose or exploration.

20.  Remote: Distant, far-off, located far away from urban areas.

21.  Essential: Crucial, necessary, indispensable.

22.  Morse Code: A system of communication using sequences of dots and dashes to represent letters and numbers.

23.  Communication Procedure: The rules and methods for effective communication.

24.  Basic Electronics: Fundamental principles and components of electronic systems.

25.  License: Authorization or permission granted by a government authority to operate a radio station or perform specific activities.

26.  Wireless Planning & Co-ordination Wing: A government department responsible for planning and coordinating wireless communication services in India.

27.  DOT: Department of Telecommunications, a government department in India responsible for telecommunications policy and regulation.

Antonyms:

1.     Safe - Dangerous

2.     Relief - Crisis

3.     Efficient - Inefficient

4.     Calamities - Blessings

5.     Workforce - Inactivity

6.     Fail - Succeed

7.     Terrestrial - Celestial

8.     Enhance - Diminish

9.     Adapt - Resist

10.  Chaos - Order

11.  Inoperative - Operational

12.  Adverse - Favourable

13.  Breakdown - Continuation

14.  Require - Abandon

15.  License - Prohibit

16.  Efficient - Ineffective

Synonyms:

1.     Disaster - Catastrophe

2.     Strike - Hit

3.     Communication - Contact

4.     Crew - Team

5.     Calamity - Misfortune

6.     Efficient - Effective

7.     Natural - Unnatural

8.     Floods - Deluge

9.     Storms - Tempests

10.  Relief - Assistance

11.  Inoperative - Non-functional

12.  Choke - Clog

13.  Efficient - Proficient

14.  Disaster - Tragedy

15.  Relayed - Transmitted

16.  Improvising - Adapting

17.  Qualify - Pass

18.  Examination - Test

19.  Basic - Fundamental

Comprehension Questions and Answers:

1.     Why is an efficient disaster management system imperative in public places and business establishments?

Ans: An efficient disaster management system is imperative in public places and business establishments because disasters and terrorism can strike at any moment, and communication is essential in times of disaster. It helps coordinate relief efforts, provide information, and ensure the safety of people.

2.     How does Ham Radio (Amateur Radio) play a crucial role in disaster management?

Ans: Ham Radio is vital in disaster management because it can work in adverse conditions where other communication systems might fail. It uses HF radio sets to convey or relay messages over long distances, providing an accurate picture of the situation during natural calamities.

3.     What advantages do Amateur Radio Operators (Hams) have in disaster situations compared to commercial communication systems?

Ans: Amateur Radio Operators have advantages such as innovation, adaptability, and the ability to improvise antennas and power sources. Unlike commercial systems, Ham Radio is not dependent on terrestrial facilities and can quickly establish networks to enhance interoperability among various agencies.

4.     How can Amateur Radio Operators help during disasters and emergencies?

Ans: Amateur Radio Operators can provide essential communication when other systems fail, coordinate disaster relief activities, and relay crucial information to emergency response teams. They can also handle medical and other emergency traffic on a daily basis, assisting those in remote places who need urgent help.

5.     How can one become a licensed Amateur Radio Operator?

Ans: To become a licensed Amateur Radio Operator, one must qualify in an examination conducted by the Ministry of Communications, Government of India. There are no age restrictions, and no educational qualifications are required. The examination includes subjects like Morse Code, Communication Procedure, and Basic Electronics.

6.     How does Ham Radio prove beneficial during various disasters and emergencies worldwide?

Ans: Ham Radio has been used during various disasters and emergencies, such as the Gujarat earthquake, the September 11 attacks, the North America blackout, and Hurricane Katrina. It has helped coordinate relief activities, provide live weather information, and establish emergency communication in regions where other communication systems have failed.

7.     What is the role of Ham Radio during everyday emergencies and medical situations?

Ans: Ham Radio provides a special section to handle medical and other emergency traffic on their daily nets. It helps in situations where communication is slow or impossible, assisting those in need of medical attention or essential supplies.

8.     Who conducts the Amateur Station Operator License Examination, and how are licenses issued?

Ans: The Officer-In-Charge, Wireless Monitoring Station, Department of Telecommunications under the Ministry of Communication, Government of India, conducts the Amateur Station Operator License Examination. After passing the test, licenses are issued by the Wireless Planning & Co-ordination Wing of DOT, Government of India.