ACCIDENTAL TOURIST || 9TH CLASS || GLOSSARY, ANTONYMS, SYNONYMS, COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 ACCIDENTAL TOURIST

Glossary:

1.     Lavatory: A restroom or bathroom.

2.     En famille: As a family; together with one's family.

3.     Frequent flyer programme: A loyalty program offered by airlines to reward and encourage customers for their frequent travels.

4.     Zip: A fastener consisting of two rows of metal or plastic teeth that can be interlocked or separated by the slider, used to open and close bags or clothing.

5.     Consternation: A feeling of anxiety or dismay, typically at something unexpected.

6.     Ejected: Thrown or forced out forcefully.

7.     Concourse: A large open area or hall in an airport.

8.     Lidless: Without a lid or cover.

9.     Gash: A deep cut or wound.

10.  Hysterics: Uncontrollable laughter, crying, or emotional outburst.

11.  Catastrophes: Disasters or extremely unfortunate events.

12.  Aeroplane: An airplane or aircraft.

13.  Recline: To lean back or rest in a more relaxed position.

14.  Crashed position: The position passengers must take during emergency situations on an airplane.

15.  Stupefied: Astonished or stunned.

16.  Urnabe bons mots: Witty or clever remarks or comments.

17.  Lavatory: Bathroom or restroom on an airplane.

18.  Undead limb: A limb (arm) that seems to move involuntarily as if it were not under the control of the person.

19.  Suave: Smooth, charming, and sophisticated in manner.

20.  Localised seismic event: A small-scale earthquake or tremor that affects a limited area.

21.  Hoods: Headcovers, usually referring to the hoods of jackets or sweatshirts.

22.  Check-in clerk: The person at the airport who assists passengers during the check-in process.

23.  Entitled: Eligible or deserving of something.

24.  Frustration: Feeling of annoyance or exasperation due to being hindered from achieving something.

25.  Loyalty program: A marketing strategy that rewards customers for their repeat business or patronage.

26.  Venerable: Worthy of respect or reverence due to age, wisdom, or character.

 

 

Antonyms:

1.     Easy - Difficult

2.     Outstanding - Mediocre

3.     Evident - Hidden

4.     Correct - Wrong

5.     Successful - Unsuccessful

6.     Simple - Complex

7.     Confident - Confused

8.     Acclaim - Criticize

9.     Fluent - Stuttering

10.  Suave - Awkward

11.  Fun - Boring

12.  Rich - Poor

13.  Healthy - Sick

14.  Light - Dark

15.  Rejoice - Grieve

16.  Yes - No

17.  Happy - Sad

18.  Lend - Borrow

19.  Open - Close

20.  Free – Restricted

Synonyms:

1.     Traveller - Wanderer

2.     Wonder - Astonishment

3.     Lavatory - Washroom

4.     Confused - Bewildered

5.     Consternation - Apprehension

6.     Jammed - Blocked

7.     Grunts - Groans

8.     Extravagantly - Lavishly

9.     Ejected - Expelled

10.  Catastrophes - Disasters

11.  Uttered - Voiced

12.  Suave - Sophisticated

13.  Hysterics - Frenzy

14.  Scrub-resistant - Stain-resistant

15.  Localised - Restricted

16.  Entitled - Eligible

17.  Amused - Entertained

18.  Accumulated - Collected

19.  Frustration - Disappointment

20.  Venerable - Respected

21.  Hectic - Busy

22.  Flying - Traveling

23.  Undoubtedly - Certainly

24.  Long - Extended

 

Comprehension Questions and Answers:

1.     How does the author feel about traveling in the real world?

Ans: The author feels that living in the real world is something he is not very good at, and he is constantly filled with wonder at the things that other people do with ease, which are beyond him.

2.     What is the author's particular specialty that causes confusion during his travels?

Ans: The author's particular specialty is returning to hotel desks two or three times a day and asking what his room number is, which makes him easily confused.

3.     What happened when the author tried to open his carry-on bag's zip at the airport? Ans: When the author tried to open his carry-on bag's zip, it jammed, and despite pulling harder and harder, the zip suddenly gave way, causing the bag's contents to be extravagantly ejected over a large area.

4.     Describe the author's experience with the tin of tobacco during his travel mishap.

Ans: During the travel mishap, the lidless tin of tobacco rolled crazily across the concourse and disgorged its contents, leaving the author horrified at the thought of having to pay for so much tobacco lost.

5.     How does the author's wife react to his travel mishaps?

Ans: The author's wife looks at him with wonder, not anger or exasperation, and expresses disbelief that he does this for a living.

6.     Give an example of the author's catastrophe while traveling on an airplane.

Ans: One of the author's catastrophes on an airplane was when he leaned over to tie a shoelace, and the seat in front of him reclined fully, pinning him helplessly in the crash position.

7.     What happened when the author tried to write with a pen during a plane journey?

Ans: While writing with a pen during a plane journey, the pen leaked, causing the author's mouth, chin, tongue, teeth, and gums to turn navy blue, leaving him in an embarrassing situation.

8.     Why does the author's wife instruct the children on the plane when the food is delivered?

Ans: The author's wife instructs the children to take the lids off the food for their father or put their hoods up because the author is accident-prone and might spill the food.

9.     What is the author's frustration regarding frequent flyer miles?

Ans: The author's frustration is that despite flying 100,000 miles a year, he never gets his frequent flyer miles due to various reasons like forgetting to ask for them or the airline not recording them correctly.

10.  Why couldn't the author get his air miles on a flight to Australia?

Ans: The author couldn't get his air miles on a flight to Australia because the ticket was in the name of B. Bryson, but the frequent flyer card was in the name of W. Bryson, and the airline refused to credit the miles.

 ACCIDENTAL TOURIST

Glossary:

1.     Lavatory: A restroom or bathroom.

2.     En famille: As a family; together with one's family.

3.     Frequent flyer programme: A loyalty program offered by airlines to reward and encourage customers for their frequent travels.

4.     Zip: A fastener consisting of two rows of metal or plastic teeth that can be interlocked or separated by the slider, used to open and close bags or clothing.

5.     Consternation: A feeling of anxiety or dismay, typically at something unexpected.

6.     Ejected: Thrown or forced out forcefully.

7.     Concourse: A large open area or hall in an airport.

8.     Lidless: Without a lid or cover.

9.     Gash: A deep cut or wound.

10.  Hysterics: Uncontrollable laughter, crying, or emotional outburst.

11.  Catastrophes: Disasters or extremely unfortunate events.

12.  Aeroplane: An airplane or aircraft.

13.  Recline: To lean back or rest in a more relaxed position.

14.  Crashed position: The position passengers must take during emergency situations on an airplane.

15.  Stupefied: Astonished or stunned.

16.  Urnabe bons mots: Witty or clever remarks or comments.

17.  Lavatory: Bathroom or restroom on an airplane.

18.  Undead limb: A limb (arm) that seems to move involuntarily as if it were not under the control of the person.

19.  Suave: Smooth, charming, and sophisticated in manner.

20.  Localised seismic event: A small-scale earthquake or tremor that affects a limited area.

21.  Hoods: Headcovers, usually referring to the hoods of jackets or sweatshirts.

22.  Check-in clerk: The person at the airport who assists passengers during the check-in process.

23.  Entitled: Eligible or deserving of something.

24.  Frustration: Feeling of annoyance or exasperation due to being hindered from achieving something.

25.  Loyalty program: A marketing strategy that rewards customers for their repeat business or patronage.

26.  Venerable: Worthy of respect or reverence due to age, wisdom, or character.

 

 

Antonyms:

1.     Easy - Difficult

2.     Outstanding - Mediocre

3.     Evident - Hidden

4.     Correct - Wrong

5.     Successful - Unsuccessful

6.     Simple - Complex

7.     Confident - Confused

8.     Acclaim - Criticize

9.     Fluent - Stuttering

10.  Suave - Awkward

11.  Fun - Boring

12.  Rich - Poor

13.  Healthy - Sick

14.  Light - Dark

15.  Rejoice - Grieve

16.  Yes - No

17.  Happy - Sad

18.  Lend - Borrow

19.  Open - Close

20.  Free – Restricted

Synonyms:

1.     Traveller - Wanderer

2.     Wonder - Astonishment

3.     Lavatory - Washroom

4.     Confused - Bewildered

5.     Consternation - Apprehension

6.     Jammed - Blocked

7.     Grunts - Groans

8.     Extravagantly - Lavishly

9.     Ejected - Expelled

10.  Catastrophes - Disasters

11.  Uttered - Voiced

12.  Suave - Sophisticated

13.  Hysterics - Frenzy

14.  Scrub-resistant - Stain-resistant

15.  Localised - Restricted

16.  Entitled - Eligible

17.  Amused - Entertained

18.  Accumulated - Collected

19.  Frustration - Disappointment

20.  Venerable - Respected

21.  Hectic - Busy

22.  Flying - Traveling

23.  Undoubtedly - Certainly

24.  Long - Extended

 

Comprehension Questions and Answers:

1.     How does the author feel about traveling in the real world?

Ans: The author feels that living in the real world is something he is not very good at, and he is constantly filled with wonder at the things that other people do with ease, which are beyond him.

2.     What is the author's particular specialty that causes confusion during his travels?

Ans: The author's particular specialty is returning to hotel desks two or three times a day and asking what his room number is, which makes him easily confused.

3.     What happened when the author tried to open his carry-on bag's zip at the airport? Ans: When the author tried to open his carry-on bag's zip, it jammed, and despite pulling harder and harder, the zip suddenly gave way, causing the bag's contents to be extravagantly ejected over a large area.

4.     Describe the author's experience with the tin of tobacco during his travel mishap.

Ans: During the travel mishap, the lidless tin of tobacco rolled crazily across the concourse and disgorged its contents, leaving the author horrified at the thought of having to pay for so much tobacco lost.

5.     How does the author's wife react to his travel mishaps?

Ans: The author's wife looks at him with wonder, not anger or exasperation, and expresses disbelief that he does this for a living.

6.     Give an example of the author's catastrophe while traveling on an airplane.

Ans: One of the author's catastrophes on an airplane was when he leaned over to tie a shoelace, and the seat in front of him reclined fully, pinning him helplessly in the crash position.

7.     What happened when the author tried to write with a pen during a plane journey?

Ans: While writing with a pen during a plane journey, the pen leaked, causing the author's mouth, chin, tongue, teeth, and gums to turn navy blue, leaving him in an embarrassing situation.

8.     Why does the author's wife instruct the children on the plane when the food is delivered?

Ans: The author's wife instructs the children to take the lids off the food for their father or put their hoods up because the author is accident-prone and might spill the food.

9.     What is the author's frustration regarding frequent flyer miles?

Ans: The author's frustration is that despite flying 100,000 miles a year, he never gets his frequent flyer miles due to various reasons like forgetting to ask for them or the airline not recording them correctly.

10.  Why couldn't the author get his air miles on a flight to Australia?

Ans: The author couldn't get his air miles on a flight to Australia because the ticket was in the name of B. Bryson, but the frequent flyer card was in the name of W. Bryson, and the airline refused to credit the miles.

MAHATMA GANDHI PUSHED OUT OF TRAIN || 9TH CLASS || GLOSSARY, ANTONYMS, SYNONYMS, AND COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 MAHATMA GANDHI PUSHED OUT OF TRAIN

Glossary:

1.     Porter: A person employed to carry luggage and assist passengers on trains.

2.     The Kingdom of God is Within You: A book written by Leo Tolstoy, a Russian writer and philosopher, promoting non-violence and Christian anarchism.

3.     Conductor: An employee on a train responsible for checking tickets and maintaining order.

4.     Attorney: A lawyer who represents clients in legal matters.

5.     Pretoria: A city in South Africa, where Gandhi was traveling to conduct a case.

6.     High Court of Chancery: A court in England that deals with equity and matters of conscience.

7.     Kaffir: An offensive term historically used in South Africa to refer to Black Africans.

8.     Third class: A lower class of accommodation on a train, often associated with fewer amenities.

9.     Maritzburg Station: Referring to Pietermaritzburg Station, a railway station in South Africa.

10.  Sammy: A derogatory term used to refer to people of Indian descent.

 

Antonyms:

1.     Incredulous: Believing, trusting, convinced

2.     Belligerence: Friendliness, peace, cooperation

3.     Panic: Calmness, composure, tranquility

4.     Anger: Calm, patience, serenity

5.     Humiliation: Pride, dignity, honor

6.     Impotence: Power, potency, effectiveness

7.     Smart (used in a derogatory context): Stupid, unintelligent, foolish

8.     Ugly: Beautiful, attractive, lovely

9.     Demeaning: Respectful, honorable, uplifting

Synonyms:

1.     Young: Youthful, junior, adolescent

2.     Lost: Absorbed, engrossed, preoccupied

3.     Incredulous: Skeptical, doubtful, disbelieving

4.     Smile: Grin, smirk, beam

5.     Puzzled: Confused, perplexed, baffled

6.     Bluster: Bravado, swagger, boastfulness

7.     Belligerence: Aggression, hostility, confrontation

8.     Deduce: Infer, conclude, derive

9.     Panic: Fear, alarm, terror

10.  Rage: Anger, fury, wrath

11.  Humiliation: Embarrassment, shame, mortification

12.  Impotence: Helplessness, powerlessness, incapacity

13.  Smart (used in a derogatory context): Clever, intelligent, sharp

14.  Ugly: Unattractive, unsightly, hideous

15.  Demeaning: Disrespectful, degrading, derogatory

Comprehension Questions and Answers:

1.     Who is the main character in the excerpt, and what is he known for in history?

Ans: The main character in the excerpt is Mahatma Gandhi. He is known for his leadership in India's independence movement against British rule and his philosophy of non-violence and civil disobedience.

2.     Where does the scene take place, and what is the setting?

Ans: The scene takes place in a First Class coach of the South African Railways train at night.

3.     What book is Gandhi reading, and who is the author?

Ans: Gandhi is reading the book "The Kingdom of God is Within You," written by Leo Tolstoy.

4.     Why does the European react negatively upon seeing Gandhi in the First Class section?

Ans: The European reacts negatively because he sees an Indian face (Gandhi) in the First Class section. During that time, racial discrimination was prevalent, and non-white individuals were often not allowed in First Class compartments.

5.     What profession does Gandhi claim to be, and why does the conductor and European refuse to accept it?

Ans: Gandhi claims to be an attorney at law, and he presents his card as evidence. However, the conductor and European refuse to accept it because they believe there are no colored attorneys (people of Indian descent) allowed in South Africa during that period.

6.     How does Gandhi react to the European's discrimination, and what happens as a result?

Ans: Gandhi reacts with a touch of irony and defends his status as an attorney by stating his qualifications. He mentions being called to the bar in London and enrolled in the High Court of Chancery, which makes him an attorney. However, the European insists that Gandhi move to the third class or be thrown off at the next station.

7.     What is the conductor's final decision regarding Gandhi's ticket, and what happens to Gandhi as a result?

Ans: The conductor orders Gandhi to move to the third class or face being thrown off at the next station. Gandhi is eventually forced out of the First Class compartment and ends up on the station platform with his luggage.

8.     How does Gandhi feel after being pushed out of the First-Class compartment, and what emotions are evident on his face?

Ans: After being pushed out of the First-Class compartment, Gandhi feels a mixture of rage, humiliation, and impotence. His face shows the emotions of anger, humiliation, and a sense of helplessness.

 MAHATMA GANDHI PUSHED OUT OF TRAIN

Glossary:

1.     Porter: A person employed to carry luggage and assist passengers on trains.

2.     The Kingdom of God is Within You: A book written by Leo Tolstoy, a Russian writer and philosopher, promoting non-violence and Christian anarchism.

3.     Conductor: An employee on a train responsible for checking tickets and maintaining order.

4.     Attorney: A lawyer who represents clients in legal matters.

5.     Pretoria: A city in South Africa, where Gandhi was traveling to conduct a case.

6.     High Court of Chancery: A court in England that deals with equity and matters of conscience.

7.     Kaffir: An offensive term historically used in South Africa to refer to Black Africans.

8.     Third class: A lower class of accommodation on a train, often associated with fewer amenities.

9.     Maritzburg Station: Referring to Pietermaritzburg Station, a railway station in South Africa.

10.  Sammy: A derogatory term used to refer to people of Indian descent.

 

Antonyms:

1.     Incredulous: Believing, trusting, convinced

2.     Belligerence: Friendliness, peace, cooperation

3.     Panic: Calmness, composure, tranquility

4.     Anger: Calm, patience, serenity

5.     Humiliation: Pride, dignity, honor

6.     Impotence: Power, potency, effectiveness

7.     Smart (used in a derogatory context): Stupid, unintelligent, foolish

8.     Ugly: Beautiful, attractive, lovely

9.     Demeaning: Respectful, honorable, uplifting

Synonyms:

1.     Young: Youthful, junior, adolescent

2.     Lost: Absorbed, engrossed, preoccupied

3.     Incredulous: Skeptical, doubtful, disbelieving

4.     Smile: Grin, smirk, beam

5.     Puzzled: Confused, perplexed, baffled

6.     Bluster: Bravado, swagger, boastfulness

7.     Belligerence: Aggression, hostility, confrontation

8.     Deduce: Infer, conclude, derive

9.     Panic: Fear, alarm, terror

10.  Rage: Anger, fury, wrath

11.  Humiliation: Embarrassment, shame, mortification

12.  Impotence: Helplessness, powerlessness, incapacity

13.  Smart (used in a derogatory context): Clever, intelligent, sharp

14.  Ugly: Unattractive, unsightly, hideous

15.  Demeaning: Disrespectful, degrading, derogatory

Comprehension Questions and Answers:

1.     Who is the main character in the excerpt, and what is he known for in history?

Ans: The main character in the excerpt is Mahatma Gandhi. He is known for his leadership in India's independence movement against British rule and his philosophy of non-violence and civil disobedience.

2.     Where does the scene take place, and what is the setting?

Ans: The scene takes place in a First Class coach of the South African Railways train at night.

3.     What book is Gandhi reading, and who is the author?

Ans: Gandhi is reading the book "The Kingdom of God is Within You," written by Leo Tolstoy.

4.     Why does the European react negatively upon seeing Gandhi in the First Class section?

Ans: The European reacts negatively because he sees an Indian face (Gandhi) in the First Class section. During that time, racial discrimination was prevalent, and non-white individuals were often not allowed in First Class compartments.

5.     What profession does Gandhi claim to be, and why does the conductor and European refuse to accept it?

Ans: Gandhi claims to be an attorney at law, and he presents his card as evidence. However, the conductor and European refuse to accept it because they believe there are no colored attorneys (people of Indian descent) allowed in South Africa during that period.

6.     How does Gandhi react to the European's discrimination, and what happens as a result?

Ans: Gandhi reacts with a touch of irony and defends his status as an attorney by stating his qualifications. He mentions being called to the bar in London and enrolled in the High Court of Chancery, which makes him an attorney. However, the European insists that Gandhi move to the third class or be thrown off at the next station.

7.     What is the conductor's final decision regarding Gandhi's ticket, and what happens to Gandhi as a result?

Ans: The conductor orders Gandhi to move to the third class or face being thrown off at the next station. Gandhi is eventually forced out of the First Class compartment and ends up on the station platform with his luggage.

8.     How does Gandhi feel after being pushed out of the First-Class compartment, and what emotions are evident on his face?

Ans: After being pushed out of the First-Class compartment, Gandhi feels a mixture of rage, humiliation, and impotence. His face shows the emotions of anger, humiliation, and a sense of helplessness.

ANTONY'S SPEECH (POEM) || 9TH CLASS || SUMMARY, GLOSSARY, ANTONYMS, SYNONYMS, AND COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 ANTONY’S SEECH

Summary: In this famous speech from William Shakespeare's play "Julius Caesar," Mark Antony addresses the Roman citizens after the assassination of Julius Caesar. He seeks to refute the accusations made against Caesar by the conspirators, particularly Brutus. The speech serves as a eulogy for Caesar and a call for the people to reconsider their views.

Summary: Mark Antony begins by addressing the crowd with the famous lines, "Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears." He clarifies that he has come not to praise Caesar, but to bury him. Antony acknowledges that the evil deeds of men often live on after their death, while their good deeds are forgotten.

Antony repeatedly emphasizes that Brutus is an honourable man, yet he subtly challenges Brutus' claim that Caesar was ambitious. He recounts instances where Caesar displayed humility and declined the offer of a crown three times. Antony questions whether refusing a crown can be considered ambitious.

While Antony does not directly challenge Brutus's words, he uses sarcasm and irony to sow doubt in the minds of the listeners. He reminds them of Caesar's virtues, loyalty, and kindness toward the common people.

Antony expresses his personal grief over the loss of Caesar, stating that his heart is in the coffin with Caesar and he can't continue speaking until he composes himself.

Overall, Antony skilfully employs rhetoric and persuasion to turn the citizens' sentiments against the conspirators and towards a re-evaluation of their views on Caesar. By the end of the speech, the crowd is swayed in favour of Caesar, and they begin to question the motives of the conspirators.

Glossary:

1. Antony: Refers to Mark Antony, a character from William Shakespeare's play "Julius Caesar."
2. Countrymen: Fellow citizens or people of the same country.
3. Praise: To commend or speak favourably about someone.
4. Interred: Buried.
5. Noble: Possessing high moral character or distinguished qualities.
6. Ambitious: Having a strong desire to achieve success, power, or fame.
7. Grievous: Serious or severe.
8. Fault: A mistake or wrongdoing.
9. Answered: Faced the consequences or paid for his actions.
10. Honourable: Worthy of respect and admiration.
11. Funeral: A ceremony or service for a deceased person.
12. Ransoms: Payments made to secure the release of captives.
13. Coffers: A strongbox or treasury for holding money.
14. Lupercal: Refers to the Lupercalia festival, an ancient Roman celebration.
15. Disprove: To prove something to be false or incorrect.
16. Mourn: To express grief or sorrow for someone's death.
17. Judgment: The ability to make decisions or form opinions based on reason and logic.
18. Brutish: Behaving like a brute or animal, lacking reason or intellect.
19. Coffin: A box or container used to bury the deceased.

Antonyms:

1. Praise - Criticize
2. Evil - Good
3. After - Before
4. Oft - Rarely
5. Ambitious - Modest
6. Fault - Virtue
7. Honourable - Dishonourable
8. Captives - Liberated
9. Ambition - Contentment
10. Love - Hate
11. Brutish - Civilized
12. Lost - Found

Synonyms:

1.     Friends - Companions

2.     Romans - Citizens

3.     Countrymen - Fellow countrymen

4.     Praise - Commendation

5.     Evil - Malevolence

6.     Often - Frequently

7.     Interred - Buried

8.     Noble - Honorable

9.     Ambitious - Aspiring

10.  Grievous - Serious

11.  Fault - Flaw

12.  Honourable - Respectable

13.  Funeral - Burial

14.  Ransoms - Ransom payments

15.  Coffers - Treasury

Comprehension Questions and Answers:

1.     Who is the speaker in the speech, and who is the audience?

Ans: The speaker in the speech is Mark Antony, and the audience consists of the citizens of Rome or the "Friends, Romans, countrymen."

2.     What is the purpose of Antony's speech?

Ans: The purpose of Antony's speech is to defend and honor the memory of Julius Caesar after his assassination, contradicting the accusations made against Caesar by Brutus and the conspirators.

3.     What does Antony mean when he says, "I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him"?

Ans: Antony means that he is not there to simply praise Caesar but to speak honestly about him, acknowledging both his faults and virtues.

4.     According to Antony, what is the evil that men do, and how does it live after them?

Ans: According to Antony, the evil that men do refers to their wrongdoings or negative actions, and it continues to have an impact even after their death, overshadowing the good deeds they may have done.

5.     Why does Antony repeat the phrase "Brutus is an honourable man" throughout his speech?

Ans: Antony repeats the phrase "Brutus is an honourable man" sarcastically to highlight the irony that while Brutus is seen as honorable, he was the one who led the conspiracy to assassinate Caesar.

6.     How does Antony use rhetorical devices, such as repetition and parallelism, to persuade the crowd?

Ans: Antony uses repetition of certain phrases like "Brutus is an honourable man" to create a sarcastic tone and cast doubt on Brutus's integrity. He also uses parallelism to structure his arguments, making them memorable and impactful.

7.     What effect does Antony's speech have on the crowd?

Ans: Antony's speech successfully sways the crowd's opinion in favor of Caesar, causing them to turn against the conspirators and mourn Caesar's death.

8.     In the end, does Antony's speech achieve its purpose? Why or why not?

Ans: Yes, Antony's speech achieves its purpose as it successfully turns the people against the conspirators, and they become sympathetic towards Caesar's memory. The crowd is moved to seek justice for Caesar, and it eventually leads to further unrest and conflict in Rome.

 ANTONY’S SEECH

Summary: In this famous speech from William Shakespeare's play "Julius Caesar," Mark Antony addresses the Roman citizens after the assassination of Julius Caesar. He seeks to refute the accusations made against Caesar by the conspirators, particularly Brutus. The speech serves as a eulogy for Caesar and a call for the people to reconsider their views.

Summary: Mark Antony begins by addressing the crowd with the famous lines, "Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears." He clarifies that he has come not to praise Caesar, but to bury him. Antony acknowledges that the evil deeds of men often live on after their death, while their good deeds are forgotten.

Antony repeatedly emphasizes that Brutus is an honourable man, yet he subtly challenges Brutus' claim that Caesar was ambitious. He recounts instances where Caesar displayed humility and declined the offer of a crown three times. Antony questions whether refusing a crown can be considered ambitious.

While Antony does not directly challenge Brutus's words, he uses sarcasm and irony to sow doubt in the minds of the listeners. He reminds them of Caesar's virtues, loyalty, and kindness toward the common people.

Antony expresses his personal grief over the loss of Caesar, stating that his heart is in the coffin with Caesar and he can't continue speaking until he composes himself.

Overall, Antony skilfully employs rhetoric and persuasion to turn the citizens' sentiments against the conspirators and towards a re-evaluation of their views on Caesar. By the end of the speech, the crowd is swayed in favour of Caesar, and they begin to question the motives of the conspirators.

Glossary:

1. Antony: Refers to Mark Antony, a character from William Shakespeare's play "Julius Caesar."
2. Countrymen: Fellow citizens or people of the same country.
3. Praise: To commend or speak favourably about someone.
4. Interred: Buried.
5. Noble: Possessing high moral character or distinguished qualities.
6. Ambitious: Having a strong desire to achieve success, power, or fame.
7. Grievous: Serious or severe.
8. Fault: A mistake or wrongdoing.
9. Answered: Faced the consequences or paid for his actions.
10. Honourable: Worthy of respect and admiration.
11. Funeral: A ceremony or service for a deceased person.
12. Ransoms: Payments made to secure the release of captives.
13. Coffers: A strongbox or treasury for holding money.
14. Lupercal: Refers to the Lupercalia festival, an ancient Roman celebration.
15. Disprove: To prove something to be false or incorrect.
16. Mourn: To express grief or sorrow for someone's death.
17. Judgment: The ability to make decisions or form opinions based on reason and logic.
18. Brutish: Behaving like a brute or animal, lacking reason or intellect.
19. Coffin: A box or container used to bury the deceased.

Antonyms:

1. Praise - Criticize
2. Evil - Good
3. After - Before
4. Oft - Rarely
5. Ambitious - Modest
6. Fault - Virtue
7. Honourable - Dishonourable
8. Captives - Liberated
9. Ambition - Contentment
10. Love - Hate
11. Brutish - Civilized
12. Lost - Found

Synonyms:

1.     Friends - Companions

2.     Romans - Citizens

3.     Countrymen - Fellow countrymen

4.     Praise - Commendation

5.     Evil - Malevolence

6.     Often - Frequently

7.     Interred - Buried

8.     Noble - Honorable

9.     Ambitious - Aspiring

10.  Grievous - Serious

11.  Fault - Flaw

12.  Honourable - Respectable

13.  Funeral - Burial

14.  Ransoms - Ransom payments

15.  Coffers - Treasury

Comprehension Questions and Answers:

1.     Who is the speaker in the speech, and who is the audience?

Ans: The speaker in the speech is Mark Antony, and the audience consists of the citizens of Rome or the "Friends, Romans, countrymen."

2.     What is the purpose of Antony's speech?

Ans: The purpose of Antony's speech is to defend and honor the memory of Julius Caesar after his assassination, contradicting the accusations made against Caesar by Brutus and the conspirators.

3.     What does Antony mean when he says, "I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him"?

Ans: Antony means that he is not there to simply praise Caesar but to speak honestly about him, acknowledging both his faults and virtues.

4.     According to Antony, what is the evil that men do, and how does it live after them?

Ans: According to Antony, the evil that men do refers to their wrongdoings or negative actions, and it continues to have an impact even after their death, overshadowing the good deeds they may have done.

5.     Why does Antony repeat the phrase "Brutus is an honourable man" throughout his speech?

Ans: Antony repeats the phrase "Brutus is an honourable man" sarcastically to highlight the irony that while Brutus is seen as honorable, he was the one who led the conspiracy to assassinate Caesar.

6.     How does Antony use rhetorical devices, such as repetition and parallelism, to persuade the crowd?

Ans: Antony uses repetition of certain phrases like "Brutus is an honourable man" to create a sarcastic tone and cast doubt on Brutus's integrity. He also uses parallelism to structure his arguments, making them memorable and impactful.

7.     What effect does Antony's speech have on the crowd?

Ans: Antony's speech successfully sways the crowd's opinion in favor of Caesar, causing them to turn against the conspirators and mourn Caesar's death.

8.     In the end, does Antony's speech achieve its purpose? Why or why not?

Ans: Yes, Antony's speech achieves its purpose as it successfully turns the people against the conspirators, and they become sympathetic towards Caesar's memory. The crowd is moved to seek justice for Caesar, and it eventually leads to further unrest and conflict in Rome.