ACTIVE VOICE AND PASSIVE VOICE
Active
voice and Passive voice are two ways to construct sentences in English.
Active
voice is when the subject of the sentence performs the action. For example:
"Rahul (subject) kicked (action) the ball." Here, Rahul is doing the
action of kicking the ball.
Passive
voice, on the other hand, is when the subject of the sentence receives the
action. For example: "The ball (subject) was kicked (action) by
Rahul." Here, the ball is receiving the action of being kicked by Rahul.
So, in Active
voice, the subject is doing the action, while in Passive voice, the
subject is receiving the action.
The syntax for Active voice and Passive
voice differs in English sentences.
For Active voice:
Subject +
Verb + Object
For example: "Ravi (Subject) eats (Verb) an apple
(Object)."
For Passive voice:
Object +
Verb + (by + Subject)
For example: "An apple (Object) is eaten (Verb) by Ravi
(Subject)."
In Passive voice, the
"by + Subject" part is optional and can be omitted if the doer of the
action is not important or known.
9-IMPORTANT TENSE WISE ACTIVE VOICE
AND PASSIVE VOICE WITH SYNTAX
1. Simple
Present Tense:
· Active
Voice Syntax: Subject + Base Form of Verb (+ Object)
· Passive
Voice Syntax: Object + is/am/are + Past Participle of Verb (by + Subject)
· Example:
Active - Sheela cooks dinner. Passive - Dinner is cooked by
Sheela.
2. Present
Continuous Tense:
· Active
Voice Syntax: Subject + is/am/are + Verb (present participle) + Object
· Passive
Voice Syntax: Object + is/am/are + being + Verb (past participle) + (by +
Subject)
· Example:
Active - Rohan is eating lunch. Passive - Lunch is being eaten by
Rohan.
3. Present
Perfect Tense:
· Active
Voice Syntax: Subject + has/have + Past Participle of Verb (+ Object)
· Passive
Voice Syntax: Object + has/have + been + Past Participle of Verb (by +
Subject)
· Example:
Active - Maya has finished her homework. Passive - The homework
has been finished by Maya.
4. Simple
Past Tense:
· Active
Voice Syntax: Subject + Verb (past tense) + Object
· Passive
Voice Syntax: Object + was/were + Past Participle of Verb (by + Subject)
· Example:
Active - Rahul wrote a letter. Passive - A letter was written by
Rahul.
5. Past
Continuous Tense:
· Active
Voice Syntax: Subject + was/were + Verb (present participle) + Object
· Passive
Voice Syntax: Object + was/were + being + Verb (past participle) + (by +
Subject)
· Example:
Active - Anu was playing cricket. Passive - Cricket was being
played by Anu.
6. Past
Perfect Tense:
· Active
Voice Syntax: Subject + had + Past Participle of Verb (+ Object)
· Passive
Voice Syntax: Object + had + been + Past Participle of Verb (by + Subject)
· Example:
Active - Neel had completed the project. Passive - The project
had been completed by Neel.
7. Simple
Future Tense:
· Active
Voice Syntax: Subject + will/shall + Base Form of Verb (+ Object)
· Passive
Voice Syntax: Object + will/shall + be + Past Participle of Verb (by +
Subject)
· Example:
Active - Sheela will cook dinner. Passive - Dinner will be cooked
by Sheela.
8. Future
Continuous Tense:
· Active
Voice Syntax: Subject + will/shall + be + Verb (present participle) + Object
· Passive
Voice Syntax: Object + will/shall + be + being + Verb (past participle) +
(by + Subject)
· Example:
Active - Rohan will be studying at 8 PM. Passive - Studies will
be being done by Rohan at 8 PM.
9. Future
Perfect Tense:
·
Active Voice Syntax: Subject +
will/shall + have + Past Participle of Verb (+ Object)
· Passive
Voice Syntax: Object + will/shall + have + been + Past Participle of Verb
(by + Subject)
· Example:
Active - Neha will have finished her work by then. Passive - The
work will have been finished by Neha by then.
Tense
|
Active Voice
|
Passive Voice
|
Simple Present
|
Positive: Subject + Base Form of Verb (+ Object)
|
Positive: Object + is/am/are + Past Participle (by +
Subject)
|
|
Negative: Subject + Do/Does + Not + Base Form (+
Object)
|
Negative: Object + is/am/are + Not + Past Participle
(by + Subject)
|
|
Interrogative: Do/Does + Subject + Base Form (+ Object)?
|
Interrogative: Is/Am/Are + Object + Past Participle (by +
Subject)?
|
Present Continuous
|
Positive: Subject + is/am/are + Verb (present
participle) + Object
|
Positive: Object + is/am/are + being + Verb (past
participle) (by + Subject)
|
|
Negative: Subject + is/am/are + Not + Verb (present
participle) + Object
|
Negative: Object + is/am/are + Not + being + Verb
(past participle) (by + Subject)
|
|
Interrogative: Is/Am/Are + Subject + Verb (present
participle) + Object?
|
Interrogative: Is/Am/Are + Object + being + Verb (past
participle) (by + Subject)?
|
Present Perfect
|
Positive: Subject + has/have + Past Participle of
Verb (+ Object)
|
Positive: Object + has/have + been + Past Participle
(by + Subject)
|
|
Negative: Subject + has/have + Not + Past Participle
of Verb (+ Object)
|
Negative: Object + has/have + Not + been + Past
Participle (by + Subject)
|
|
Interrogative: Has/Have + Subject + Past Participle of
Verb (+ Object)?
|
Interrogative: Has/Have + Object + been + Past Participle
(by + Subject)?
|
Simple Past
|
Positive: Subject + Verb (past tense) + Object
|
Positive: Object + was/were + Past Participle (by +
Subject)
|
|
Negative: Subject + Did + Not + Base Form (+ Object)
|
Negative: Object + was/were + Not + Past Participle
(by + Subject)
|
|
Interrogative: Did + Subject + Base Form (+ Object)?
|
Interrogative: Was/Were + Object + Past Participle (by +
Subject)?
|
Past Continuous
|
Positive: Subject + was/were + Verb (present
participle) + Object
|
Positive: Object + was/were + being + Verb (past
participle) (by + Subject)
|
|
Negative: Subject + was/were + Not + Verb (present
participle) + Object
|
Negative: Object + was/were + Not + being + Verb
(past participle) (by + Subject)
|
|
Interrogative: Was/Were + Subject + Verb (present
participle) + Object?
|
Interrogative: Was/Were + Object + being + Verb (past
participle) (by + Subject)?
|
Past Perfect
|
Positive: Subject + had + Past Participle (+ Object)
|
Positive: Object + had + been + Past Participle (by
+ Subject)
|
|
Negative: Subject + had + Not + Past Participle (+
Object)
|
Negative: Object + had + Not + been + Past
Participle (by + Subject)
|
|
Interrogative: Had + Subject + Past Participle (+
Object)?
|
Interrogative: Had + Object + been + Past Participle (by
+ Subject)?
|
Simple Future
|
Positive: Subject + will/shall + Base Form (+
Object)
|
Positive: Object + will/shall + be + Past Participle
(by + Subject)
|
|
Negative: Subject + will/shall + Not + Base Form (+
Object)
|
Negative: Object + will/shall + Not + be + Past
Participle (by + Subject)
|
|
Interrogative: Will/Shall + Subject + Base Form (+
Object)?
|
Interrogative: Will/Shall + Object + be + Past Participle
(by + Subject)?
|
Future Continuous
|
Positive: Subject + will/shall + be + Verb (present
participle) + Object
|
Positive: Object + will/shall + be + being + Verb
(past participle) (by + Subject)
|
|
Negative: Subject + will/shall + Not + be + Verb
(present participle) + Object
|
Negative: Object + will/shall + Not + be + being +
Verb (past participle) (by + Subject)
|
|
Interrogative: Will/Shall + Subject + be + Verb (present
participle) + Object?
|
Interrogative: Will/Shall + Object + be + being + Verb
(past participle) (by + Subject)?
|
Future Perfect
|
Positive: Subject + will/shall + have + Verb (past
participle) + Object
|
Positive: Object + will/shall + have + been + Verb
(past participle) (by + Subject)
|
|
Negative: Subject + will/shall + Not + have + Verb
(past participle)+ Object
|
Negative: Object + will/shall + Not + have + been +
Verb (past participle) (by + Subject)
|
|
Interrogative: Will/Shall + Subject + have + Verb
(present participle) + Object?
|
Interrogative: Will/Shall + Object + have + been + Verb
(past participle) (by + Subject)?
|
For Imperatives:
- Active
Voice Imperative:
- Structure:
Base Form of Verb (+ Object, if needed)
- Example:
"Close the door." / "Please close the door."
- Passive
Voice Imperative:
- Structure:
Let + Object + Be + Past Participle of Verb (+ by + Subject, optional)
- Example:
"Let the door be closed." / "Let the homework be completed
by tomorrow."
In the passive voice imperative, "let" is used to
indicate a suggestion or request, followed by the object, "be," and
the past participle of the verb. The "by + Subject" part is optional
and is used to specify who should perform the action.
Now check your knowledge:
ACTIVE VOICE AND PASSIVE VOICE
Active
voice and Passive voice are two ways to construct sentences in English.
Active
voice is when the subject of the sentence performs the action. For example:
"Rahul (subject) kicked (action) the ball." Here, Rahul is doing the
action of kicking the ball.
Passive
voice, on the other hand, is when the subject of the sentence receives the
action. For example: "The ball (subject) was kicked (action) by
Rahul." Here, the ball is receiving the action of being kicked by Rahul.
So, in Active
voice, the subject is doing the action, while in Passive voice, the
subject is receiving the action.
The syntax for Active voice and Passive
voice differs in English sentences.
For Active voice:
Subject +
Verb + Object
For example: "Ravi (Subject) eats (Verb) an apple
(Object)."
For Passive voice:
Object +
Verb + (by + Subject)
For example: "An apple (Object) is eaten (Verb) by Ravi
(Subject)."
In Passive voice, the
"by + Subject" part is optional and can be omitted if the doer of the
action is not important or known.
9-IMPORTANT TENSE WISE ACTIVE VOICE
AND PASSIVE VOICE WITH SYNTAX
1. Simple
Present Tense:
· Active
Voice Syntax: Subject + Base Form of Verb (+ Object)
· Passive
Voice Syntax: Object + is/am/are + Past Participle of Verb (by + Subject)
· Example:
Active - Sheela cooks dinner. Passive - Dinner is cooked by
Sheela.
2. Present
Continuous Tense:
· Active
Voice Syntax: Subject + is/am/are + Verb (present participle) + Object
· Passive
Voice Syntax: Object + is/am/are + being + Verb (past participle) + (by +
Subject)
· Example:
Active - Rohan is eating lunch. Passive - Lunch is being eaten by
Rohan.
3. Present
Perfect Tense:
· Active
Voice Syntax: Subject + has/have + Past Participle of Verb (+ Object)
· Passive
Voice Syntax: Object + has/have + been + Past Participle of Verb (by +
Subject)
· Example:
Active - Maya has finished her homework. Passive - The homework
has been finished by Maya.
4. Simple
Past Tense:
· Active
Voice Syntax: Subject + Verb (past tense) + Object
· Passive
Voice Syntax: Object + was/were + Past Participle of Verb (by + Subject)
· Example:
Active - Rahul wrote a letter. Passive - A letter was written by
Rahul.
5. Past
Continuous Tense:
· Active
Voice Syntax: Subject + was/were + Verb (present participle) + Object
· Passive
Voice Syntax: Object + was/were + being + Verb (past participle) + (by +
Subject)
· Example:
Active - Anu was playing cricket. Passive - Cricket was being
played by Anu.
6. Past
Perfect Tense:
· Active
Voice Syntax: Subject + had + Past Participle of Verb (+ Object)
· Passive
Voice Syntax: Object + had + been + Past Participle of Verb (by + Subject)
· Example:
Active - Neel had completed the project. Passive - The project
had been completed by Neel.
7. Simple
Future Tense:
· Active
Voice Syntax: Subject + will/shall + Base Form of Verb (+ Object)
· Passive
Voice Syntax: Object + will/shall + be + Past Participle of Verb (by +
Subject)
· Example:
Active - Sheela will cook dinner. Passive - Dinner will be cooked
by Sheela.
8. Future
Continuous Tense:
· Active
Voice Syntax: Subject + will/shall + be + Verb (present participle) + Object
· Passive
Voice Syntax: Object + will/shall + be + being + Verb (past participle) +
(by + Subject)
· Example:
Active - Rohan will be studying at 8 PM. Passive - Studies will
be being done by Rohan at 8 PM.
9. Future
Perfect Tense:
·
Active Voice Syntax: Subject +
will/shall + have + Past Participle of Verb (+ Object)
· Passive
Voice Syntax: Object + will/shall + have + been + Past Participle of Verb
(by + Subject)
· Example:
Active - Neha will have finished her work by then. Passive - The
work will have been finished by Neha by then.
Tense
|
Active Voice
|
Passive Voice
|
Simple Present
|
Positive: Subject + Base Form of Verb (+ Object)
|
Positive: Object + is/am/are + Past Participle (by +
Subject)
|
|
Negative: Subject + Do/Does + Not + Base Form (+
Object)
|
Negative: Object + is/am/are + Not + Past Participle
(by + Subject)
|
|
Interrogative: Do/Does + Subject + Base Form (+ Object)?
|
Interrogative: Is/Am/Are + Object + Past Participle (by +
Subject)?
|
Present Continuous
|
Positive: Subject + is/am/are + Verb (present
participle) + Object
|
Positive: Object + is/am/are + being + Verb (past
participle) (by + Subject)
|
|
Negative: Subject + is/am/are + Not + Verb (present
participle) + Object
|
Negative: Object + is/am/are + Not + being + Verb
(past participle) (by + Subject)
|
|
Interrogative: Is/Am/Are + Subject + Verb (present
participle) + Object?
|
Interrogative: Is/Am/Are + Object + being + Verb (past
participle) (by + Subject)?
|
Present Perfect
|
Positive: Subject + has/have + Past Participle of
Verb (+ Object)
|
Positive: Object + has/have + been + Past Participle
(by + Subject)
|
|
Negative: Subject + has/have + Not + Past Participle
of Verb (+ Object)
|
Negative: Object + has/have + Not + been + Past
Participle (by + Subject)
|
|
Interrogative: Has/Have + Subject + Past Participle of
Verb (+ Object)?
|
Interrogative: Has/Have + Object + been + Past Participle
(by + Subject)?
|
Simple Past
|
Positive: Subject + Verb (past tense) + Object
|
Positive: Object + was/were + Past Participle (by +
Subject)
|
|
Negative: Subject + Did + Not + Base Form (+ Object)
|
Negative: Object + was/were + Not + Past Participle
(by + Subject)
|
|
Interrogative: Did + Subject + Base Form (+ Object)?
|
Interrogative: Was/Were + Object + Past Participle (by +
Subject)?
|
Past Continuous
|
Positive: Subject + was/were + Verb (present
participle) + Object
|
Positive: Object + was/were + being + Verb (past
participle) (by + Subject)
|
|
Negative: Subject + was/were + Not + Verb (present
participle) + Object
|
Negative: Object + was/were + Not + being + Verb
(past participle) (by + Subject)
|
|
Interrogative: Was/Were + Subject + Verb (present
participle) + Object?
|
Interrogative: Was/Were + Object + being + Verb (past
participle) (by + Subject)?
|
Past Perfect
|
Positive: Subject + had + Past Participle (+ Object)
|
Positive: Object + had + been + Past Participle (by
+ Subject)
|
|
Negative: Subject + had + Not + Past Participle (+
Object)
|
Negative: Object + had + Not + been + Past
Participle (by + Subject)
|
|
Interrogative: Had + Subject + Past Participle (+
Object)?
|
Interrogative: Had + Object + been + Past Participle (by
+ Subject)?
|
Simple Future
|
Positive: Subject + will/shall + Base Form (+
Object)
|
Positive: Object + will/shall + be + Past Participle
(by + Subject)
|
|
Negative: Subject + will/shall + Not + Base Form (+
Object)
|
Negative: Object + will/shall + Not + be + Past
Participle (by + Subject)
|
|
Interrogative: Will/Shall + Subject + Base Form (+
Object)?
|
Interrogative: Will/Shall + Object + be + Past Participle
(by + Subject)?
|
Future Continuous
|
Positive: Subject + will/shall + be + Verb (present
participle) + Object
|
Positive: Object + will/shall + be + being + Verb
(past participle) (by + Subject)
|
|
Negative: Subject + will/shall + Not + be + Verb
(present participle) + Object
|
Negative: Object + will/shall + Not + be + being +
Verb (past participle) (by + Subject)
|
|
Interrogative: Will/Shall + Subject + be + Verb (present
participle) + Object?
|
Interrogative: Will/Shall + Object + be + being + Verb
(past participle) (by + Subject)?
|
Future Perfect
|
Positive: Subject + will/shall + have + Verb (past
participle) + Object
|
Positive: Object + will/shall + have + been + Verb
(past participle) (by + Subject)
|
|
Negative: Subject + will/shall + Not + have + Verb
(past participle)+ Object
|
Negative: Object + will/shall + Not + have + been +
Verb (past participle) (by + Subject)
|
|
Interrogative: Will/Shall + Subject + have + Verb
(present participle) + Object?
|
Interrogative: Will/Shall + Object + have + been + Verb
(past participle) (by + Subject)?
|
For Imperatives:
- Active
Voice Imperative:
- Structure:
Base Form of Verb (+ Object, if needed)
- Example:
"Close the door." / "Please close the door."
- Passive
Voice Imperative:
- Structure:
Let + Object + Be + Past Participle of Verb (+ by + Subject, optional)
- Example:
"Let the door be closed." / "Let the homework be completed
by tomorrow."
In the passive voice imperative, "let" is used to
indicate a suggestion or request, followed by the object, "be," and
the past participle of the verb. The "by + Subject" part is optional
and is used to specify who should perform the action.
Now check your knowledge: