TRUE HEIGHT (Glossary, Antonyms, Synonyms and Comprehension Questions and Answers) FOR CLASS 9TH

 TRUE HEIGHT

Glossary:

1.     Astroturf: Artificial grass used in sports fields.

2.     Intensity: The state of being very focused and determined.

3.     Competition: A contest or event where people compete against each other.

4.     Pole-vaulting: A track and field event where athletes use a pole to jump over a high bar.

5.     Glamorous: Attractive and exciting.

6.     Flying: Moving through the air, usually with the help of wings or other equipment.

7.     Quest: A long and challenging journey or pursuit of a goal.

8.     Recurring: Happening again and again.

9.     Regimented: A structured and controlled program.

10.  Persistence: The quality of continuing to do something despite challenges or obstacles.

11.  Obsession: An extreme and unhealthy interest or preoccupation.

12.  Realist: Someone who believes in dealing with things realistically and practically.

13.  Inflated: Filled with air or gas.

14.  Vault: The act of jumping over a high bar with the help of a pole.

15.  Emotion: A strong feeling or reaction.

16.  Tension: Mental or emotional strain or stress.

17.  Anxiety: Feelings of unease or worry.

18.  Nervous: Feeling worried or afraid.

19.  Deafening: Extremely loud.

20.  Eruption: A sudden and intense outburst or explosion.

Antonyms:

1.     Sweating - Dry

2.     Hot - Cold

3.     Intensity - Relaxation

4.     Filled - Empty

5.     Intense - Calm

6.     Realist - Dreamer

7.     Pride - Shame

8.     Effortless - Difficult

9.     Increase - Decrease

10.  Blind - Sighted

11.  Visible - Invisible

12.  Known - Unknown

13.  Happy - Sad

14.  Slow - Fast

15.  Silence - Noise

16.  Fresh - Stale

17.  Tears - Laughter

18.  Success - Failure

19.  Sight - Blindness

20.  Sensing - Numbness

Synonyms:

1.     Nerve-wracking - Stressful

2.     Achievement - Accomplishment

3.     Breathless - Astonishing

4.     Sweating - Perspiring

5.     Grip - Grasp

6.     Thirst - Dehydration

7.     Competition - Contest

8.     Challenging - Demanding

9.     Graceful - Elegant

10.  Flying - Soaring

11.  Dreaming - Fantasizing

12.  Determination - Perseverance

13.  Passion - Enthusiasm

14.  Regimented - Routine

15.  Dedication - Commitment

16.  Relax - Unwind

17.  Ritual - Routine

18.  Effort - Exertion

19.  Vision - Ambition

20.  Pounding - Racing

Comprehension Questions and Answers:

1.     What is the story about?

Ans: The story is about an athlete named Michael Stone pursuing his dream in a nerve-wracking sports competition.

2.     What sport is Michael participating in?

Ans: Michael is participating in the sport of pole-vaulting.

3.     Where is the competition taking place?

Ans: The competition is taking place at the National Junior Olympics.

4.     What height is the pole set at for Michael's competition?

Ans: The pole is set at 17 feet.

5.     How does Michael feel before his competition?

Ans: Michael feels nervous and intense before his competition.

6.     How does the author describe the pole vaulting event?

Ans: The author describes pole-vaulting as a glamorous event combining the grace of a gymnast and the strength of a bodybuilder.

7.     What were Michael's dreams filled with when he was growing up?

Ans: Michael's dreams were filled with flying and a bird's-eye view of the land, inspired by his mother's stories.

8.     Who encouraged Michael to work hard for what he wanted?

Ans: Michael's father encouraged him to work hard for what he wanted.

9.     Besides training, what other responsibilities did Michael have?

Ans: Michael helped his parents with their farm chores.

10.  What did Michael's mother wish for him?

Ans: Michael's mother wished for him to relax a bit more and enjoy his dreams.

11.  How did Michael prepare himself physically for the competition?

Ans: Michael followed a careful weightlifting and training program monitored by his coach and father.

12.  How did Michael react after clearing the bar at 17 feet?

Ans: Michael showed no emotion and immediately began preparing for his next attempt.

13.  How did Michael's father react to his success?

Ans: Michael's father hugged his wife, cried tears of pride, and was filled with excitement.

14.  What record did Michael set in the competition?

Ans: Michael set a National and International Junior Olympics record by clearing 17 feet 6½ inches.

15.  How did Michael's life change after the competition?

Ans: Michael's life changed due to the media attention, congratulations, and his remarkable achievement.

16.  What is the significance of Michael being blind?

Ans: The story highlights Michael's exceptional accomplishments despite being blind.

17.  What does the author mean by "the intensity of the moment filled his mind with anxiety"?

Ans: It means that Michael felt very anxious and overwhelmed by the pressure and importance of the situation.

18.  How did Michael calm himself before his final jump?

Ans: Michael took deep breaths and followed his mother's advice to alleviate tension and anxiety.

19.  How did Michael feel during his final jump?

Ans: Michael felt like he was flying and experienced a sense of wonder and serenity.

20.  What was Michael's father's reaction to the final jump?

Ans: Michael's father was filled with pride and emotions, hugging his wife and crying tears of joy.

21.  How did Michael's landing affect him?

Ans: Michael felt the crowd's eruption and the thump of his landing, which brought him back to reality.

22.  What did Michael's victory mean to him?

Ans: Michael's victory represented the culmination of his hard work and his ultimate achievement in the sport.

23.  How did people react to Michael's success?

Ans: People swarmed around Michael, congratulating him and hugging him for his incredible accomplishment.

24.  What does the phrase "the silence was deafening" mean?

Ans: It means that the silence was so intense and complete that it felt overwhelmingly loud and impactful.

25.  What were the tears of Michael's father a sign of?

Ans: The tears of Michael's father were a sign of his immense pride, joy, and emotional reaction to his son's success.

26.  What was the final height Michael cleared in the competition?

Ans: The final height Michael cleared was 17 feet 6½ inches.

27.  How did the media and others react to Michael's achievement?

Ans: The media and others congratulated Michael and gave him attention for his remarkable feat.

28.  What was different about the surface of the runway during Michael's final jump?

Ans: The surface of the runway felt like the country road from his childhood dreams.

29.  How did Michael feel during his flight over the bar?

Ans: Michael felt a sense of wonder, serenity, and the purest air around him during his flight.

30.  How did Michael's life change after setting the record?

Ans: Michael's life changed due to the recognition and acclaim he received for his achievement, and he became an inspiration to others.

 TRUE HEIGHT

Glossary:

1.     Astroturf: Artificial grass used in sports fields.

2.     Intensity: The state of being very focused and determined.

3.     Competition: A contest or event where people compete against each other.

4.     Pole-vaulting: A track and field event where athletes use a pole to jump over a high bar.

5.     Glamorous: Attractive and exciting.

6.     Flying: Moving through the air, usually with the help of wings or other equipment.

7.     Quest: A long and challenging journey or pursuit of a goal.

8.     Recurring: Happening again and again.

9.     Regimented: A structured and controlled program.

10.  Persistence: The quality of continuing to do something despite challenges or obstacles.

11.  Obsession: An extreme and unhealthy interest or preoccupation.

12.  Realist: Someone who believes in dealing with things realistically and practically.

13.  Inflated: Filled with air or gas.

14.  Vault: The act of jumping over a high bar with the help of a pole.

15.  Emotion: A strong feeling or reaction.

16.  Tension: Mental or emotional strain or stress.

17.  Anxiety: Feelings of unease or worry.

18.  Nervous: Feeling worried or afraid.

19.  Deafening: Extremely loud.

20.  Eruption: A sudden and intense outburst or explosion.

Antonyms:

1.     Sweating - Dry

2.     Hot - Cold

3.     Intensity - Relaxation

4.     Filled - Empty

5.     Intense - Calm

6.     Realist - Dreamer

7.     Pride - Shame

8.     Effortless - Difficult

9.     Increase - Decrease

10.  Blind - Sighted

11.  Visible - Invisible

12.  Known - Unknown

13.  Happy - Sad

14.  Slow - Fast

15.  Silence - Noise

16.  Fresh - Stale

17.  Tears - Laughter

18.  Success - Failure

19.  Sight - Blindness

20.  Sensing - Numbness

Synonyms:

1.     Nerve-wracking - Stressful

2.     Achievement - Accomplishment

3.     Breathless - Astonishing

4.     Sweating - Perspiring

5.     Grip - Grasp

6.     Thirst - Dehydration

7.     Competition - Contest

8.     Challenging - Demanding

9.     Graceful - Elegant

10.  Flying - Soaring

11.  Dreaming - Fantasizing

12.  Determination - Perseverance

13.  Passion - Enthusiasm

14.  Regimented - Routine

15.  Dedication - Commitment

16.  Relax - Unwind

17.  Ritual - Routine

18.  Effort - Exertion

19.  Vision - Ambition

20.  Pounding - Racing

Comprehension Questions and Answers:

1.     What is the story about?

Ans: The story is about an athlete named Michael Stone pursuing his dream in a nerve-wracking sports competition.

2.     What sport is Michael participating in?

Ans: Michael is participating in the sport of pole-vaulting.

3.     Where is the competition taking place?

Ans: The competition is taking place at the National Junior Olympics.

4.     What height is the pole set at for Michael's competition?

Ans: The pole is set at 17 feet.

5.     How does Michael feel before his competition?

Ans: Michael feels nervous and intense before his competition.

6.     How does the author describe the pole vaulting event?

Ans: The author describes pole-vaulting as a glamorous event combining the grace of a gymnast and the strength of a bodybuilder.

7.     What were Michael's dreams filled with when he was growing up?

Ans: Michael's dreams were filled with flying and a bird's-eye view of the land, inspired by his mother's stories.

8.     Who encouraged Michael to work hard for what he wanted?

Ans: Michael's father encouraged him to work hard for what he wanted.

9.     Besides training, what other responsibilities did Michael have?

Ans: Michael helped his parents with their farm chores.

10.  What did Michael's mother wish for him?

Ans: Michael's mother wished for him to relax a bit more and enjoy his dreams.

11.  How did Michael prepare himself physically for the competition?

Ans: Michael followed a careful weightlifting and training program monitored by his coach and father.

12.  How did Michael react after clearing the bar at 17 feet?

Ans: Michael showed no emotion and immediately began preparing for his next attempt.

13.  How did Michael's father react to his success?

Ans: Michael's father hugged his wife, cried tears of pride, and was filled with excitement.

14.  What record did Michael set in the competition?

Ans: Michael set a National and International Junior Olympics record by clearing 17 feet 6½ inches.

15.  How did Michael's life change after the competition?

Ans: Michael's life changed due to the media attention, congratulations, and his remarkable achievement.

16.  What is the significance of Michael being blind?

Ans: The story highlights Michael's exceptional accomplishments despite being blind.

17.  What does the author mean by "the intensity of the moment filled his mind with anxiety"?

Ans: It means that Michael felt very anxious and overwhelmed by the pressure and importance of the situation.

18.  How did Michael calm himself before his final jump?

Ans: Michael took deep breaths and followed his mother's advice to alleviate tension and anxiety.

19.  How did Michael feel during his final jump?

Ans: Michael felt like he was flying and experienced a sense of wonder and serenity.

20.  What was Michael's father's reaction to the final jump?

Ans: Michael's father was filled with pride and emotions, hugging his wife and crying tears of joy.

21.  How did Michael's landing affect him?

Ans: Michael felt the crowd's eruption and the thump of his landing, which brought him back to reality.

22.  What did Michael's victory mean to him?

Ans: Michael's victory represented the culmination of his hard work and his ultimate achievement in the sport.

23.  How did people react to Michael's success?

Ans: People swarmed around Michael, congratulating him and hugging him for his incredible accomplishment.

24.  What does the phrase "the silence was deafening" mean?

Ans: It means that the silence was so intense and complete that it felt overwhelmingly loud and impactful.

25.  What were the tears of Michael's father a sign of?

Ans: The tears of Michael's father were a sign of his immense pride, joy, and emotional reaction to his son's success.

26.  What was the final height Michael cleared in the competition?

Ans: The final height Michael cleared was 17 feet 6½ inches.

27.  How did the media and others react to Michael's achievement?

Ans: The media and others congratulated Michael and gave him attention for his remarkable feat.

28.  What was different about the surface of the runway during Michael's final jump?

Ans: The surface of the runway felt like the country road from his childhood dreams.

29.  How did Michael feel during his flight over the bar?

Ans: Michael felt a sense of wonder, serenity, and the purest air around him during his flight.

30.  How did Michael's life change after setting the record?

Ans: Michael's life changed due to the recognition and acclaim he received for his achievement, and he became an inspiration to others.

REACHING UNREACHED (Glossary, Antonyms, Synonyms, Comprehension Questions and Answers)

 

REACHING UNREACHED

Glossary:

1. Beneficiaries: Individuals who receive benefits or support from a program or organization.
2. Domestic violence: Violence or abuse that occurs within a household or domestic setting.
3. Abject poverty: Extreme poverty, characterized by severe deprivation and lack of basic necessities.
4. Middle-class: The socioeconomic group between the upper and lower classes, typically associated with moderate income and comfortable living standards.
5. Menial: Low-skilled and uninteresting, often referring to tasks or jobs that are considered dull or unimportant.
6. Rescued: Saved or freed from a dangerous or harmful situation.
7. Transit home: A temporary residence or shelter where individuals, particularly children, can stay temporarily until a more suitable arrangement is made.
8. Child Rights and You (CRY): An organization that works to protect and promote the rights of children.
9. Charity: The act of providing assistance or support to those in need, typically through donations or voluntary actions.
10. Marginalized: Disadvantaged or excluded from mainstream society, often due to factors such as poverty, discrimination, or social inequality.
11. Exploitation: The act of taking advantage of someone for personal gain, often involving the unfair or abusive treatment of individuals.
12. Illiteracy: The inability to read or write.
13. Advocates: Individuals or organizations that publicly support or speak in favor of a particular cause or issue.
14. Sustainable: Able to be maintained or continued over the long term without depleting resources or causing harm to the environment or society.
15. SOS Children's Villages: An organization that provides family-based care for children in need, particularly those who cannot live with their biological families.
16. Framework conditions: The underlying structure or set of conditions that influence or determine a particular situation or system.
17. Practitioner: Someone who practices a particular profession, skill, or activity.
18. Rights: Entitlements or protections that individuals possess, often recognized and guaranteed by law.
19. Advocate: To support or speak in favor of a particular cause or issue.
20. Sustainable: Able to be maintained or continued over the long term without depleting resources or causing harm to the environment or society.

ANTONYMS:

1. Beneficiaries - Donors, contributors
2. Domestic violence - Harmony, peace
3. Abject poverty - Affluence, wealth
4. Middle-class - Lower class, poverty-stricken
5. Menial - Skilled, important
6. Rescued - Abandoned, stranded
7. Charity - Selfishness, greed
8. Marginalized - Included, empowered
9. Exploitation - Fair treatment, justice
10. Illiteracy - Literacy, education
11. Advocates - Opponents, critics
12. Sustainable - Unsustainable, temporary
13. Practitioner - Novice, beginner
14. Rights - Restrictions, limitations
15. Advocate - Oppose, dissent

SYNONYMS:

1. Beneficiaries - Recipients, beneficiaries
2. Domestic violence - Domestic abuse, intimate partner violence
3. Abject poverty - Extreme poverty, destitution
4. Menial - Unskilled, lowly
5. Rescued - Saved, liberated
6. Transit home - Shelter, temporary residence
7. Charity - Philanthropy, generosity
8. Marginalized - Disadvantaged, excluded
9. Exploitation - Abuse, mistreatment
10. Illiteracy - Lack of literacy, inability to read/write
11. Sustainable - Renewable, eco-friendly
12. Practitioner - Professional, expert
13. Rights - Entitlements, privileges
14. Advocate - Promote, support

Comprehension Questions and Answers:

1. What are some examples of organizations mentioned in the text that work to support children in need?

Ans: Child Rights and You (CRY) and SOS Children's Villages are mentioned as organizations that work to support children in need.

2. What is the main focus of CRY?

Ans: The main focus of CRY is to act as a bridge between child developmental organizations and individuals working for marginalized children. They gather support, funding, and resources to enrich the lives of children.

3. How does SOS Children's Villages provide care for children in need?

Ans: SOS Children's Villages provides family-based care for children in need. They work to strengthen families, help them stay together during difficult times, and provide the best care possible to their children.

4. What do SOS Children's Villages believe every child should have?

Ans: SOS Children's Villages believe that every child should grow up in a strong family environment.

5. How does SOS Children's Villages support families?

Ans: SOS Children's Villages works with families to develop a wide range of skills, including household budget planning, job placement, and creating a stable family life at home.

6. What is the purpose of advocacy for SOS Children's Villages?

Ans: The purpose of advocacy for SOS Children's Villages is to improve the overall framework conditions for children who cannot stay with their families or who are at risk of losing the care of their families.

7. What is the ultimate goal of SOS Children's Villages' advocacy efforts?

Ans: The ultimate goal of SOS Children's Villages' advocacy efforts is to bring about sustainable changes in policies and practices that weaken children's rights and improve the situation for children and families everywhere.

 

REACHING UNREACHED

Glossary:

1. Beneficiaries: Individuals who receive benefits or support from a program or organization.
2. Domestic violence: Violence or abuse that occurs within a household or domestic setting.
3. Abject poverty: Extreme poverty, characterized by severe deprivation and lack of basic necessities.
4. Middle-class: The socioeconomic group between the upper and lower classes, typically associated with moderate income and comfortable living standards.
5. Menial: Low-skilled and uninteresting, often referring to tasks or jobs that are considered dull or unimportant.
6. Rescued: Saved or freed from a dangerous or harmful situation.
7. Transit home: A temporary residence or shelter where individuals, particularly children, can stay temporarily until a more suitable arrangement is made.
8. Child Rights and You (CRY): An organization that works to protect and promote the rights of children.
9. Charity: The act of providing assistance or support to those in need, typically through donations or voluntary actions.
10. Marginalized: Disadvantaged or excluded from mainstream society, often due to factors such as poverty, discrimination, or social inequality.
11. Exploitation: The act of taking advantage of someone for personal gain, often involving the unfair or abusive treatment of individuals.
12. Illiteracy: The inability to read or write.
13. Advocates: Individuals or organizations that publicly support or speak in favor of a particular cause or issue.
14. Sustainable: Able to be maintained or continued over the long term without depleting resources or causing harm to the environment or society.
15. SOS Children's Villages: An organization that provides family-based care for children in need, particularly those who cannot live with their biological families.
16. Framework conditions: The underlying structure or set of conditions that influence or determine a particular situation or system.
17. Practitioner: Someone who practices a particular profession, skill, or activity.
18. Rights: Entitlements or protections that individuals possess, often recognized and guaranteed by law.
19. Advocate: To support or speak in favor of a particular cause or issue.
20. Sustainable: Able to be maintained or continued over the long term without depleting resources or causing harm to the environment or society.

ANTONYMS:

1. Beneficiaries - Donors, contributors
2. Domestic violence - Harmony, peace
3. Abject poverty - Affluence, wealth
4. Middle-class - Lower class, poverty-stricken
5. Menial - Skilled, important
6. Rescued - Abandoned, stranded
7. Charity - Selfishness, greed
8. Marginalized - Included, empowered
9. Exploitation - Fair treatment, justice
10. Illiteracy - Literacy, education
11. Advocates - Opponents, critics
12. Sustainable - Unsustainable, temporary
13. Practitioner - Novice, beginner
14. Rights - Restrictions, limitations
15. Advocate - Oppose, dissent

SYNONYMS:

1. Beneficiaries - Recipients, beneficiaries
2. Domestic violence - Domestic abuse, intimate partner violence
3. Abject poverty - Extreme poverty, destitution
4. Menial - Unskilled, lowly
5. Rescued - Saved, liberated
6. Transit home - Shelter, temporary residence
7. Charity - Philanthropy, generosity
8. Marginalized - Disadvantaged, excluded
9. Exploitation - Abuse, mistreatment
10. Illiteracy - Lack of literacy, inability to read/write
11. Sustainable - Renewable, eco-friendly
12. Practitioner - Professional, expert
13. Rights - Entitlements, privileges
14. Advocate - Promote, support

Comprehension Questions and Answers:

1. What are some examples of organizations mentioned in the text that work to support children in need?

Ans: Child Rights and You (CRY) and SOS Children's Villages are mentioned as organizations that work to support children in need.

2. What is the main focus of CRY?

Ans: The main focus of CRY is to act as a bridge between child developmental organizations and individuals working for marginalized children. They gather support, funding, and resources to enrich the lives of children.

3. How does SOS Children's Villages provide care for children in need?

Ans: SOS Children's Villages provides family-based care for children in need. They work to strengthen families, help them stay together during difficult times, and provide the best care possible to their children.

4. What do SOS Children's Villages believe every child should have?

Ans: SOS Children's Villages believe that every child should grow up in a strong family environment.

5. How does SOS Children's Villages support families?

Ans: SOS Children's Villages works with families to develop a wide range of skills, including household budget planning, job placement, and creating a stable family life at home.

6. What is the purpose of advocacy for SOS Children's Villages?

Ans: The purpose of advocacy for SOS Children's Villages is to improve the overall framework conditions for children who cannot stay with their families or who are at risk of losing the care of their families.

7. What is the ultimate goal of SOS Children's Villages' advocacy efforts?

Ans: The ultimate goal of SOS Children's Villages' advocacy efforts is to bring about sustainable changes in policies and practices that weaken children's rights and improve the situation for children and families everywhere.

CRY OF CHILDREN (Summary, Glossary, Antonyms, Synonyms, Comprehension Questions and Answers)

 

CRY OF CHILDREN

Summary: The poem "The Cry of Children" by Elizabeth Barrett Browning depicts the plight of weary and overworked children during the Industrial Revolution. The children express their exhaustion and lack of energy to engage in playful activities or appreciate nature's beauty. They describe their physically demanding tasks, such as toiling in coal mines or operating machinery in factories. The poem serves as a critique of child labour and highlights the detrimental effects it has on the well-being of children. Through vivid imagery and poignant language, Browning brings attention to the hardships faced by these young workers and calls for societal change to protect the rights and welfare of children.

Glossary:

1. Weary: Tired or exhausted.
2. Leap: Jump or spring.
3. Meadows: Open grassy areas or fields.
4. Stooping: Bending forward or hunching down.
5. Drooping: Hanging down or sagging.
6. Pale: Light or lacking color.
7. Snow: Frozen white precipitation.
8. Burden: A heavy load or responsibility.
9. Tiring: Fatiguing or exhausting.
10. Coal-dark: Referring to the dark and sooty conditions in coal mines.
11. Underground: Beneath the surface of the ground.
12. Drive: Operate or control.
13. Wheels of iron: Refers to the machinery or equipment in factories.
14. Factories: Industrial buildings where goods are manufactured or processed.
15. Round and round: Repeatedly or continuously.
16. Plight: Difficult or challenging situation.
17. Laborious: Involving hard work or effort.

Antonyms:

1. Weary - Energetic, refreshed
2. Leap - Stay, remain
3. Meadows - Concrete, urban areas
4. Stooping - Upright, standing
5. Drooping - Uplifted, perky
6. Pale - Bright, vivid
7. Snow - Heat, warmth
8. Burden - Relief, lightness
9. Tiring - Restful, rejuvenating
10. Coal-dark - Bright, illuminated
11. Underground - Aboveground, surface
12. Drive - Rest, relax
13. Factories - Nature, wilderness
14. Round and round - Still, stationary
15. Plight - Comfort, ease
16. Laborious - Effortless, easy

Synonyms:

1. Weary - Exhausted, fatigued
2. Leap - Bound, spring
3. Meadows - Fields, pastures
4. Stooping - Bending, crouching
5. Drooping - Sagging, wilting
6. Pale - Light, faded
7. Snow - Frost, snowfall
8. Burden - Load, weight
9. Tiring - Draining, taxing
10. Coal-dark - Charcoal-black, sooty
11. Underground - Subterranean, belowground
12. Factories - Mills, plants
13. Laborious - Arduous, strenuous

Comprehension Questions and Answers:

1.      What is the overall theme of the poem?

Ans: The overall theme of the poem is the plight of overworked and exhausted children during the Industrial Revolution.

2.      What do the children express in the poem?

Ans: The children express their weariness, inability to play or enjoy nature, and the physical burdens they bear from their labor.

3.      What activities do the children describe themselves engaged in?

Ans: The children mention dragging burdens underground in coal mines or driving iron wheels in factories.

4.      What effect does the work have on the children's physical appearance?

Ans: The work makes their knees tremble, their faces fall, and their eyelids droop. They become pale and exhausted.

5.      What do the children say about their desire to play and enjoy nature?

Ans: The children say that if they cared for meadows, it would only be to rest and sleep in them. They are too tired to appreciate the beauty around them.

6.      What emotions do the children convey in the poem?

Ans: The children convey weariness, physical pain, hopelessness, and a sense of resignation to their circumstances.

7.      What social issue does the poem address?

Ans: The poem addresses the issue of child labor and the exploitation of young workers during the Industrial Revolution.

8.      What is the poet's perspective on child labor?

Ans: The poet is critical of child labor and presents it as an unjust and harmful practice.

9.      What does the poet emphasize through vivid imagery?

Ans: The poet emphasizes the physical and emotional toll that child labor takes on the children, as well as their longing for rest and respite.

10.   What is the purpose of the poem?

Ans: The purpose of the poem is to raise awareness about the suffering endured by child laborers and advocate for their better treatment and protection.

 

CRY OF CHILDREN

Summary: The poem "The Cry of Children" by Elizabeth Barrett Browning depicts the plight of weary and overworked children during the Industrial Revolution. The children express their exhaustion and lack of energy to engage in playful activities or appreciate nature's beauty. They describe their physically demanding tasks, such as toiling in coal mines or operating machinery in factories. The poem serves as a critique of child labour and highlights the detrimental effects it has on the well-being of children. Through vivid imagery and poignant language, Browning brings attention to the hardships faced by these young workers and calls for societal change to protect the rights and welfare of children.

Glossary:

1. Weary: Tired or exhausted.
2. Leap: Jump or spring.
3. Meadows: Open grassy areas or fields.
4. Stooping: Bending forward or hunching down.
5. Drooping: Hanging down or sagging.
6. Pale: Light or lacking color.
7. Snow: Frozen white precipitation.
8. Burden: A heavy load or responsibility.
9. Tiring: Fatiguing or exhausting.
10. Coal-dark: Referring to the dark and sooty conditions in coal mines.
11. Underground: Beneath the surface of the ground.
12. Drive: Operate or control.
13. Wheels of iron: Refers to the machinery or equipment in factories.
14. Factories: Industrial buildings where goods are manufactured or processed.
15. Round and round: Repeatedly or continuously.
16. Plight: Difficult or challenging situation.
17. Laborious: Involving hard work or effort.

Antonyms:

1. Weary - Energetic, refreshed
2. Leap - Stay, remain
3. Meadows - Concrete, urban areas
4. Stooping - Upright, standing
5. Drooping - Uplifted, perky
6. Pale - Bright, vivid
7. Snow - Heat, warmth
8. Burden - Relief, lightness
9. Tiring - Restful, rejuvenating
10. Coal-dark - Bright, illuminated
11. Underground - Aboveground, surface
12. Drive - Rest, relax
13. Factories - Nature, wilderness
14. Round and round - Still, stationary
15. Plight - Comfort, ease
16. Laborious - Effortless, easy

Synonyms:

1. Weary - Exhausted, fatigued
2. Leap - Bound, spring
3. Meadows - Fields, pastures
4. Stooping - Bending, crouching
5. Drooping - Sagging, wilting
6. Pale - Light, faded
7. Snow - Frost, snowfall
8. Burden - Load, weight
9. Tiring - Draining, taxing
10. Coal-dark - Charcoal-black, sooty
11. Underground - Subterranean, belowground
12. Factories - Mills, plants
13. Laborious - Arduous, strenuous

Comprehension Questions and Answers:

1.      What is the overall theme of the poem?

Ans: The overall theme of the poem is the plight of overworked and exhausted children during the Industrial Revolution.

2.      What do the children express in the poem?

Ans: The children express their weariness, inability to play or enjoy nature, and the physical burdens they bear from their labor.

3.      What activities do the children describe themselves engaged in?

Ans: The children mention dragging burdens underground in coal mines or driving iron wheels in factories.

4.      What effect does the work have on the children's physical appearance?

Ans: The work makes their knees tremble, their faces fall, and their eyelids droop. They become pale and exhausted.

5.      What do the children say about their desire to play and enjoy nature?

Ans: The children say that if they cared for meadows, it would only be to rest and sleep in them. They are too tired to appreciate the beauty around them.

6.      What emotions do the children convey in the poem?

Ans: The children convey weariness, physical pain, hopelessness, and a sense of resignation to their circumstances.

7.      What social issue does the poem address?

Ans: The poem addresses the issue of child labor and the exploitation of young workers during the Industrial Revolution.

8.      What is the poet's perspective on child labor?

Ans: The poet is critical of child labor and presents it as an unjust and harmful practice.

9.      What does the poet emphasize through vivid imagery?

Ans: The poet emphasizes the physical and emotional toll that child labor takes on the children, as well as their longing for rest and respite.

10.   What is the purpose of the poem?

Ans: The purpose of the poem is to raise awareness about the suffering endured by child laborers and advocate for their better treatment and protection.

OLIVER ASKS FOR MORE (Glossary, Antonyms, Synonyms, Comprehension Questions and Answers)

 

OLIVER ASKS FOR MORE

Glossary:

1. Gold-laced cuff: A decorative cuff on Mr. Bumble's clothing, embellished with gold lace.
2. Workhouse: A residential institution where the poor and homeless were provided with food and shelter in exchange for work.
3. Board: Refers to a group of officials or administrators who oversee the management of the workhouse.
4. Laugh or cry: Oliver is unsure whether to react with amusement or sadness to the information about appearing before the board.
5. Bow: To lower one's head or body as a sign of respect or submission.
6. Orphan: A child who has lost both parents.
7. Parish: A local administrative division in England, responsible for providing support and assistance to the poor.
8. Starve quickly outside the workhouse: The board's opinion that the poor should either suffer from hunger outside the workhouse or slowly starve inside it.
9. Gruel: A thin porridge made by boiling cereal, such as ricemeal, in water or milk.
10. Basinful: A serving of gruel contained in a basin.
11. Voracious: Having a very eager or insatiable appetite.
12. Council: A gathering or meeting of people to discuss and make decisions.
13. Rebel: Oliver is seen as a rebel for asking for more food, challenging the established system of rationing.
14. Ladle: A large spoon with a long handle, used for serving soup or stew.
15. Beadle: A church official or ceremonial officer.
16. Mr. Limbkins: A member of the board who holds a high position.
17. Depicted: Shown or represented.
18. Compose yourself: Regain your calmness and control.
19. Prophetic: Having the ability to predict or foresee future events.
20. Hung: Refers to execution by hanging.
21. Apprentice: A person who is learning a trade or profession under a skilled worker.

Antonyms:

1. Long - Short
2. Clear - Unclear
3. Laugh - Cry
4. Fat - Thin
5. Round - Square
6. Astonished - Certain
7. Father - Mother
8. Christian - Non-Christian
9. Educated - Uneducated
10. Useful - Useless
11. Rough - Soft
12. Asleep - Awake
13. Wise - Foolish
14. Regular - Irregular
15. All - None
16. Play - Work
17. Shocking - Acceptable
18. Smaller - Larger
19. Shrank - Grew
20. Thinner - Thicker

Synonyms:

1. Firmly - Securely, tightly
2. Grasping - Holding, clutching
3. Informed - Told, notified
4. Board - Committee, panel
5. Notion - Idea, concept
6. Laugh - Chuckle, giggle
7. Cry - Weep, sob
8. Clear - Distinct, evident
9. Bow - Bend, incline
10. Boy - Child, lad
11. Orphan - Child without parents, waif
12. Frightened - Scared, terrified
13. Sight - View, scene
14. Weeping - Crying, sobbing
15. Educated - Taught, trained
16. Useful - Beneficial, valuable
17. Rushed - Hastened, sprinted
18. Excitement - Enthusiasm, eagerness
19. Pardon - Excuse, forgive
20. Asked - Inquired, questioned
21. General - Overall, collective
22. Horror - Shock, terror
23. Compose - Calm, settle
24. Opinion - View, belief
25. Contradicted - Disagreed, refuted
26. Prophetic - Predictive, foresighted
27. Hung - Hanged, suspended
28. Startle - Shock, jolt
29. Depicted - Shown, portrayed
30. Requested - Demanded, asked for
31. Confined - Restricted, limited
32. Reward - Prize, compensation
33. Offered - Provided, presented
34. Apprentice - Trainee, learner
35. Trade - Occupation, profession
36. Business - Company, enterprise

Comprehension Questions and Answers:

1.        Who is the main character in the story?

Ans: The main character is Oliver Twist, an orphan boy.

2.        Where does Oliver find himself at the beginning of the story?

Ans: Oliver finds himself within the walls of the workhouse.

3.        Why is Oliver surprised when he is told to appear before the board?

Ans: Oliver is surprised because he doesn't have a clear understanding of what the board is.

4.        How does Oliver react when asked his name by the gentleman in the high chair?

Ans: Oliver is frightened and weeping bitterly when asked his name.

5.        What decision does the board make that changes Oliver's life?

Ans: The board decides to offer a reward of five pounds and Oliver Twist to anyone who would take him as an apprentice.

6.        What are the two alternatives the board believes the poor should have?

Ans: The board believes the poor should either starve quickly outside the workhouse or gradually starve inside it.

7.        What happens to Oliver and the other workhouse inmates due to the new system?

Ans: Oliver and the other inmates suffer from slow starvation and become smaller and thinner in size.

8.        How do the boys in the workhouse react to their meagre meals of gruel?

Ans: The boys stare at the copper bowl with eager eyes and suck their fingers to catch any stray splashes of gruel.

9.        Why does one boy hint at eating his fellow companion?

Ans: The boy, driven by hunger, hints at eating his companion because he is afraid he might not get enough food.

10.     What does Oliver ask for that shocks the master and the board?

Ans: Oliver asks for more food, specifically stating, "Please, sir, I want some more."

11.     How does the master react when Oliver asks for more?

Ans: The master aims a blow at Oliver's head with a ladle and screams for the beadle.

12.     What is the board's reaction when they hear about Oliver's request for more?

Ans: The board members are horrified and believe that Oliver will be hung for asking for more.

13.     What decision does the board make regarding Oliver after his request for more?

Ans: Oliver is ordered into immediate confinement, and a reward is offered for anyone willing to take him off the parish's hands.

14.     How do the members of the board view Oliver's request for more?

Ans: The members of the board consider Oliver's request as an act of rebellion and believe he deserves severe punishment.

15.     What does the bill posted on the gate offer in exchange for taking Oliver Twist?

Ans: The bill offers a reward of five pounds and Oliver Twist as an apprentice to any person interested in providing him a trade, business, or calling.

 

OLIVER ASKS FOR MORE

Glossary:

1. Gold-laced cuff: A decorative cuff on Mr. Bumble's clothing, embellished with gold lace.
2. Workhouse: A residential institution where the poor and homeless were provided with food and shelter in exchange for work.
3. Board: Refers to a group of officials or administrators who oversee the management of the workhouse.
4. Laugh or cry: Oliver is unsure whether to react with amusement or sadness to the information about appearing before the board.
5. Bow: To lower one's head or body as a sign of respect or submission.
6. Orphan: A child who has lost both parents.
7. Parish: A local administrative division in England, responsible for providing support and assistance to the poor.
8. Starve quickly outside the workhouse: The board's opinion that the poor should either suffer from hunger outside the workhouse or slowly starve inside it.
9. Gruel: A thin porridge made by boiling cereal, such as ricemeal, in water or milk.
10. Basinful: A serving of gruel contained in a basin.
11. Voracious: Having a very eager or insatiable appetite.
12. Council: A gathering or meeting of people to discuss and make decisions.
13. Rebel: Oliver is seen as a rebel for asking for more food, challenging the established system of rationing.
14. Ladle: A large spoon with a long handle, used for serving soup or stew.
15. Beadle: A church official or ceremonial officer.
16. Mr. Limbkins: A member of the board who holds a high position.
17. Depicted: Shown or represented.
18. Compose yourself: Regain your calmness and control.
19. Prophetic: Having the ability to predict or foresee future events.
20. Hung: Refers to execution by hanging.
21. Apprentice: A person who is learning a trade or profession under a skilled worker.

Antonyms:

1. Long - Short
2. Clear - Unclear
3. Laugh - Cry
4. Fat - Thin
5. Round - Square
6. Astonished - Certain
7. Father - Mother
8. Christian - Non-Christian
9. Educated - Uneducated
10. Useful - Useless
11. Rough - Soft
12. Asleep - Awake
13. Wise - Foolish
14. Regular - Irregular
15. All - None
16. Play - Work
17. Shocking - Acceptable
18. Smaller - Larger
19. Shrank - Grew
20. Thinner - Thicker

Synonyms:

1. Firmly - Securely, tightly
2. Grasping - Holding, clutching
3. Informed - Told, notified
4. Board - Committee, panel
5. Notion - Idea, concept
6. Laugh - Chuckle, giggle
7. Cry - Weep, sob
8. Clear - Distinct, evident
9. Bow - Bend, incline
10. Boy - Child, lad
11. Orphan - Child without parents, waif
12. Frightened - Scared, terrified
13. Sight - View, scene
14. Weeping - Crying, sobbing
15. Educated - Taught, trained
16. Useful - Beneficial, valuable
17. Rushed - Hastened, sprinted
18. Excitement - Enthusiasm, eagerness
19. Pardon - Excuse, forgive
20. Asked - Inquired, questioned
21. General - Overall, collective
22. Horror - Shock, terror
23. Compose - Calm, settle
24. Opinion - View, belief
25. Contradicted - Disagreed, refuted
26. Prophetic - Predictive, foresighted
27. Hung - Hanged, suspended
28. Startle - Shock, jolt
29. Depicted - Shown, portrayed
30. Requested - Demanded, asked for
31. Confined - Restricted, limited
32. Reward - Prize, compensation
33. Offered - Provided, presented
34. Apprentice - Trainee, learner
35. Trade - Occupation, profession
36. Business - Company, enterprise

Comprehension Questions and Answers:

1.        Who is the main character in the story?

Ans: The main character is Oliver Twist, an orphan boy.

2.        Where does Oliver find himself at the beginning of the story?

Ans: Oliver finds himself within the walls of the workhouse.

3.        Why is Oliver surprised when he is told to appear before the board?

Ans: Oliver is surprised because he doesn't have a clear understanding of what the board is.

4.        How does Oliver react when asked his name by the gentleman in the high chair?

Ans: Oliver is frightened and weeping bitterly when asked his name.

5.        What decision does the board make that changes Oliver's life?

Ans: The board decides to offer a reward of five pounds and Oliver Twist to anyone who would take him as an apprentice.

6.        What are the two alternatives the board believes the poor should have?

Ans: The board believes the poor should either starve quickly outside the workhouse or gradually starve inside it.

7.        What happens to Oliver and the other workhouse inmates due to the new system?

Ans: Oliver and the other inmates suffer from slow starvation and become smaller and thinner in size.

8.        How do the boys in the workhouse react to their meagre meals of gruel?

Ans: The boys stare at the copper bowl with eager eyes and suck their fingers to catch any stray splashes of gruel.

9.        Why does one boy hint at eating his fellow companion?

Ans: The boy, driven by hunger, hints at eating his companion because he is afraid he might not get enough food.

10.     What does Oliver ask for that shocks the master and the board?

Ans: Oliver asks for more food, specifically stating, "Please, sir, I want some more."

11.     How does the master react when Oliver asks for more?

Ans: The master aims a blow at Oliver's head with a ladle and screams for the beadle.

12.     What is the board's reaction when they hear about Oliver's request for more?

Ans: The board members are horrified and believe that Oliver will be hung for asking for more.

13.     What decision does the board make regarding Oliver after his request for more?

Ans: Oliver is ordered into immediate confinement, and a reward is offered for anyone willing to take him off the parish's hands.

14.     How do the members of the board view Oliver's request for more?

Ans: The members of the board consider Oliver's request as an act of rebellion and believe he deserves severe punishment.

15.     What does the bill posted on the gate offer in exchange for taking Oliver Twist?

Ans: The bill offers a reward of five pounds and Oliver Twist as an apprentice to any person interested in providing him a trade, business, or calling.

A Letter to a Friend (Glossary, Antonyms, Synonyms, Comprehension Questions and Answers)

 A LETTER TO A FRIEND

Glossary:

1. Manikonda - A village in Hyderabad.
2. Meeting - A gathering or assembly of people for a particular purpose.
3. Garden - An outdoor space with plants, flowers, and possibly a lawn for recreational activities.
4. Moonlight - The light of the moon.
5. Grandma - Informal term for grandmother, one's female parent's mother.
6. Grandpa - Informal term for grandfather, one's male parent's father.
7. Fairy tales - Traditional stories involving magical creatures, events, and elements.
8. Microsoft - A multinational technology company known for its software products and services.
9. Software - Programs and applications that run on computers and perform specific tasks.
10. Computer Programmer - A professional who writes, tests, and maintains computer software.
11. Dell - A multinational computer technology company known for its hardware products.
12. System Analyst - A professional who analyzes and designs computer systems to meet specific requirements.
13. Baby care centre - A facility that provides care and supervision for infants and young children.
14. Apartment - A self-contained housing unit within a larger building or complex.
15. Gilli-danda - A traditional Indian outdoor game played with a small stick and a larger one.
16. Hide and seek - A children's game in which one person closes their eyes while others hide, and the seeker tries to find them.

Antonyms:

1. Sometimes - Always
2. Play - Work
3. Big - Small
4. Busy - Free
5. Together - Apart
6. Faded - Bright
7. Real - Unreal
8. Found - Lost
9. Joy - Sadness
10. Start - End
11. Care - Neglect
12. Remember - Forget
13. Silence - Noise
14. Remember - Erase
15. Enjoyed - Disliked
16. Happy - Unhappy
17. Full - Empty
18. Come - Go

Synonyms:

1. s - Recall
2. Sometimes - Occasionally
3. Play - Gamble
4. Big - Large
5. Busy - Occupied
6. Together - Jointly
7. Faded - Pale
8. Real - Authentic
9. Found - Discovered
10. Joy - Happiness
11. Start - Begin
12. Care - Concern
13. Remember - Retain
14. Silence - Quiet
15. Enjoyed - Appreciated
16. Happy - Content
17. Full - Complete
18. Come - Arrive
19. Remember - Reminisce
20. Child - Kid

Comprehension Questions and Answers:

1. Who is the author of the letter?

Ans: Ramesh is the author of the letter.

2. Why does Ramesh apologize to Suresh?

Ans: Ramesh apologizes for not being able to meet Suresh during his visit to Hyderabad due to a meeting at his office.

3. How did Ramesh and Suresh spend their childhood days in Manikonda village?

Ans: They played together in their garden and enjoyed activities like gilli-danda, hide and seek, and kabaddi. Their grandparents used to tell them fairy tales.

4. What is Ramesh's current occupation and where does he work?

Ans: Ramesh is a Computer Programmer and he works at Microsoft, a software company in Hyderabad.

5. What is Ramesh's wife's occupation and where does she work?

Ans: Ramesh's wife works as a System Analyst at Dell in Hyderabad.

6. How does Ramesh describe the busy city life?

Ans: Ramesh describes city life as busy and mentions that they hardly find time to sit together as they work long hours and have a hectic schedule.

7. What childhood activities does Ramesh remember with nostalgia?

Ans: Ramesh remembers playing gilli-danda, hide and seek, and kabaddi, as well as going for swimming in the local tank. He also recalls school events, picnics, and family gatherings.

8. What does Ramesh observe about his own child's behavior?

Ans: Ramesh's child spends most of his time in front of the computer playing games and shows less interest in interacting with others.

9. How does Ramesh feel about the changes in his current life compared to his childhood?

Ans: Ramesh feels nostalgic and expresses a sense of loss for the joyful moments, family gatherings, and simple pleasures that he experienced during his childhood.

10. What does Ramesh hope for in the future?

Ans: Ramesh hopes that Suresh will come to visit him so they can reminisce about their childhood days and the joys they shared.

 A LETTER TO A FRIEND

Glossary:

1. Manikonda - A village in Hyderabad.
2. Meeting - A gathering or assembly of people for a particular purpose.
3. Garden - An outdoor space with plants, flowers, and possibly a lawn for recreational activities.
4. Moonlight - The light of the moon.
5. Grandma - Informal term for grandmother, one's female parent's mother.
6. Grandpa - Informal term for grandfather, one's male parent's father.
7. Fairy tales - Traditional stories involving magical creatures, events, and elements.
8. Microsoft - A multinational technology company known for its software products and services.
9. Software - Programs and applications that run on computers and perform specific tasks.
10. Computer Programmer - A professional who writes, tests, and maintains computer software.
11. Dell - A multinational computer technology company known for its hardware products.
12. System Analyst - A professional who analyzes and designs computer systems to meet specific requirements.
13. Baby care centre - A facility that provides care and supervision for infants and young children.
14. Apartment - A self-contained housing unit within a larger building or complex.
15. Gilli-danda - A traditional Indian outdoor game played with a small stick and a larger one.
16. Hide and seek - A children's game in which one person closes their eyes while others hide, and the seeker tries to find them.

Antonyms:

1. Sometimes - Always
2. Play - Work
3. Big - Small
4. Busy - Free
5. Together - Apart
6. Faded - Bright
7. Real - Unreal
8. Found - Lost
9. Joy - Sadness
10. Start - End
11. Care - Neglect
12. Remember - Forget
13. Silence - Noise
14. Remember - Erase
15. Enjoyed - Disliked
16. Happy - Unhappy
17. Full - Empty
18. Come - Go

Synonyms:

1. s - Recall
2. Sometimes - Occasionally
3. Play - Gamble
4. Big - Large
5. Busy - Occupied
6. Together - Jointly
7. Faded - Pale
8. Real - Authentic
9. Found - Discovered
10. Joy - Happiness
11. Start - Begin
12. Care - Concern
13. Remember - Retain
14. Silence - Quiet
15. Enjoyed - Appreciated
16. Happy - Content
17. Full - Complete
18. Come - Arrive
19. Remember - Reminisce
20. Child - Kid

Comprehension Questions and Answers:

1. Who is the author of the letter?

Ans: Ramesh is the author of the letter.

2. Why does Ramesh apologize to Suresh?

Ans: Ramesh apologizes for not being able to meet Suresh during his visit to Hyderabad due to a meeting at his office.

3. How did Ramesh and Suresh spend their childhood days in Manikonda village?

Ans: They played together in their garden and enjoyed activities like gilli-danda, hide and seek, and kabaddi. Their grandparents used to tell them fairy tales.

4. What is Ramesh's current occupation and where does he work?

Ans: Ramesh is a Computer Programmer and he works at Microsoft, a software company in Hyderabad.

5. What is Ramesh's wife's occupation and where does she work?

Ans: Ramesh's wife works as a System Analyst at Dell in Hyderabad.

6. How does Ramesh describe the busy city life?

Ans: Ramesh describes city life as busy and mentions that they hardly find time to sit together as they work long hours and have a hectic schedule.

7. What childhood activities does Ramesh remember with nostalgia?

Ans: Ramesh remembers playing gilli-danda, hide and seek, and kabaddi, as well as going for swimming in the local tank. He also recalls school events, picnics, and family gatherings.

8. What does Ramesh observe about his own child's behavior?

Ans: Ramesh's child spends most of his time in front of the computer playing games and shows less interest in interacting with others.

9. How does Ramesh feel about the changes in his current life compared to his childhood?

Ans: Ramesh feels nostalgic and expresses a sense of loss for the joyful moments, family gatherings, and simple pleasures that he experienced during his childhood.

10. What does Ramesh hope for in the future?

Ans: Ramesh hopes that Suresh will come to visit him so they can reminisce about their childhood days and the joys they shared.