Little Bobby (Glossary, Antonyms, Synonyms and Comprehension Questions and Answers)

 LITTLE BOBBY

Glossary:

1. Bobby: The name of the main character, a little boy.
2. Trouble-maker: Someone who often causes problems or misbehaves.
3. Reflect: To think deeply and carefully about something.
4. Deserve: To be worthy or entitled to something.
5. Stumped: Walked heavily or clumsily.
6. Pet dog: A domesticated animal kept for companionship or pleasure.
7. Tore up: Ripped or destroyed something.
8. Upset: Distressed or emotionally disturbed.
9. Altar: A raised structure or table in a church where religious ceremonies take place.
10. Statue: A three-dimensional representation of a person or object.
11. Kidnapped: Taking someone by force or threat, usually for ransom or to exert control.
12. Bike: Short for bicycle, a human-powered vehicle with two wheels.

Antonyms:

1. Good - Bad
2. Happy - Sad
3. Big - Small
4. Hot - Cold
5. Love - Hate
6. Light - Dark
7. Day - Night
8. Up - Down
9. Open - Closed
10. Old - Young
11. Inside - Outside
12. Full - Empty
13. Success - Failure
14. Right - Wrong
15. Beautiful - Ugly
16. Hard - Easy
17. Fast - Slow
18. Start - Finish
19. True - False
20. Friend - Enemy

Synonyms:

1. Good - Excellent, Great, Fine
2. Happy - Joyful, Delighted, Content
3. Big - Large, Huge, Enormous
4. Hot - Warm, Scorching, Sizzling
5. Love - Adore, Cherish, Treasure
6. Light - Bright, Radiant, Illuminated
7. Day - Daytime, Sunlight, Dawn
8. Up - Elevated, High, Ascending
9. Open - Unlocked, Accessible, Available
10. Old - Ancient, Elderly, Mature
11. Inside - Interior, Inner, Indoors
12. Full - Complete, Saturated, Stuffed
13. Success - Achievement, Triumph, Victory
14. Right - Correct, Accurate, Proper
15. Beautiful - Stunning, Gorgeous, Attractive
16. Hard - Difficult, Challenging, Tough
17. Fast - Quick, Rapid, Speedy
18. Start - Begin, Commence, Initiate
19. True - Genuine, Authentic, Real
20. Friend - Companion, Pal, Ally

Comprehension Questions and Answers:

1. Who is the main character of the story?

Ans: The main character of the story is Little Bobby.

2. What did Little Bobby want for his birthday?

Ans: Little Bobby wanted a bike for his birthday.

3. How did Little Bobby's mother respond when he asked for a bike?

Ans: When Little Bobby asked for a bike, his mother asked him if he thought he deserved it.

4. What did Little Bobby do after his mother asked him to reflect on his behavior?

Ans: After his mother asked him to reflect on his behavior, Little Bobby went to his room to think and write a letter to God.

5. Why did Little Bobby tear up his first letter to God?

Ans: Little Bobby tore up his first letter to God because he realized it wasn't true that he had been a very good boy that year.

6. What did Little Bobby write in his second letter to God?

Ans: In his second letter to God, Little Bobby claimed to have been a good boy and asked for a red bike.

7. Why did Little Bobby tear up his second letter?

Ans: Little Bobby tore up his second letter because he knew it wasn't true either.

8. What did Little Bobby write in his third letter to God?

Ans: In his third letter to God, Little Bobby admitted to being an okay boy and still asked for a bike.

9. Why did Little Bobby think his third letter wouldn't get him a bike?

Ans: Little Bobby thought his third letter wouldn't get him a bike because he knew being okay wasn't good enough.

10. What did Little Bobby write in his fourth letter to God?

Ans: In his fourth letter to God, Little Bobby apologized for not being a good boy and promised to be better if he got a bike.

11. How did Little Bobby feel after writing his fourth letter?

Ans: Little Bobby felt very upset after writing his fourth letter.

12. Where did Little Bobby decide to go?

Ans: Little Bobby decided to go to the church.

13. What did Little Bobby take from the church?

Ans: Little Bobby took a small statue of Mary, the mother of God, from the church.

14. What did Little Bobby write in his final letter to God?

Ans: In his final letter to God, Little Bobby pretended to have kidnapped Mary and demanded a bike in return.

15. How did Little Bobby's mother react when he returned from the church?

Ans: Little Bobby's mother thought her plan had worked because he looked sad when he returned from the church.

16. Did Little Bobby really kidnap Mary?

Ans: No, Little Bobby did not really kidnap Mary. It was just a pretend letter.

17. Why did Little Bobby write the pretend letter?

Ans: Little Bobby wrote the pretend letter because he was upset and frustrated, thinking he wouldn't get a bike.

18. What did Little Bobby's mother want him to do before coming home?

Ans: Little Bobby's mother wanted him to be home in time for dinner before coming home.

19. Did Little Bobby's mother know about the pretend letter to God?

Ans: No, Little Bobby's mother was unaware of the pretend letter to God.

20. Did Little Bobby ultimately get a bike for his birthday?

Ans: The story does not mention whether Little Bobby ultimately got a bike for his birthday or not.

 LITTLE BOBBY

Glossary:

1. Bobby: The name of the main character, a little boy.
2. Trouble-maker: Someone who often causes problems or misbehaves.
3. Reflect: To think deeply and carefully about something.
4. Deserve: To be worthy or entitled to something.
5. Stumped: Walked heavily or clumsily.
6. Pet dog: A domesticated animal kept for companionship or pleasure.
7. Tore up: Ripped or destroyed something.
8. Upset: Distressed or emotionally disturbed.
9. Altar: A raised structure or table in a church where religious ceremonies take place.
10. Statue: A three-dimensional representation of a person or object.
11. Kidnapped: Taking someone by force or threat, usually for ransom or to exert control.
12. Bike: Short for bicycle, a human-powered vehicle with two wheels.

Antonyms:

1. Good - Bad
2. Happy - Sad
3. Big - Small
4. Hot - Cold
5. Love - Hate
6. Light - Dark
7. Day - Night
8. Up - Down
9. Open - Closed
10. Old - Young
11. Inside - Outside
12. Full - Empty
13. Success - Failure
14. Right - Wrong
15. Beautiful - Ugly
16. Hard - Easy
17. Fast - Slow
18. Start - Finish
19. True - False
20. Friend - Enemy

Synonyms:

1. Good - Excellent, Great, Fine
2. Happy - Joyful, Delighted, Content
3. Big - Large, Huge, Enormous
4. Hot - Warm, Scorching, Sizzling
5. Love - Adore, Cherish, Treasure
6. Light - Bright, Radiant, Illuminated
7. Day - Daytime, Sunlight, Dawn
8. Up - Elevated, High, Ascending
9. Open - Unlocked, Accessible, Available
10. Old - Ancient, Elderly, Mature
11. Inside - Interior, Inner, Indoors
12. Full - Complete, Saturated, Stuffed
13. Success - Achievement, Triumph, Victory
14. Right - Correct, Accurate, Proper
15. Beautiful - Stunning, Gorgeous, Attractive
16. Hard - Difficult, Challenging, Tough
17. Fast - Quick, Rapid, Speedy
18. Start - Begin, Commence, Initiate
19. True - Genuine, Authentic, Real
20. Friend - Companion, Pal, Ally

Comprehension Questions and Answers:

1. Who is the main character of the story?

Ans: The main character of the story is Little Bobby.

2. What did Little Bobby want for his birthday?

Ans: Little Bobby wanted a bike for his birthday.

3. How did Little Bobby's mother respond when he asked for a bike?

Ans: When Little Bobby asked for a bike, his mother asked him if he thought he deserved it.

4. What did Little Bobby do after his mother asked him to reflect on his behavior?

Ans: After his mother asked him to reflect on his behavior, Little Bobby went to his room to think and write a letter to God.

5. Why did Little Bobby tear up his first letter to God?

Ans: Little Bobby tore up his first letter to God because he realized it wasn't true that he had been a very good boy that year.

6. What did Little Bobby write in his second letter to God?

Ans: In his second letter to God, Little Bobby claimed to have been a good boy and asked for a red bike.

7. Why did Little Bobby tear up his second letter?

Ans: Little Bobby tore up his second letter because he knew it wasn't true either.

8. What did Little Bobby write in his third letter to God?

Ans: In his third letter to God, Little Bobby admitted to being an okay boy and still asked for a bike.

9. Why did Little Bobby think his third letter wouldn't get him a bike?

Ans: Little Bobby thought his third letter wouldn't get him a bike because he knew being okay wasn't good enough.

10. What did Little Bobby write in his fourth letter to God?

Ans: In his fourth letter to God, Little Bobby apologized for not being a good boy and promised to be better if he got a bike.

11. How did Little Bobby feel after writing his fourth letter?

Ans: Little Bobby felt very upset after writing his fourth letter.

12. Where did Little Bobby decide to go?

Ans: Little Bobby decided to go to the church.

13. What did Little Bobby take from the church?

Ans: Little Bobby took a small statue of Mary, the mother of God, from the church.

14. What did Little Bobby write in his final letter to God?

Ans: In his final letter to God, Little Bobby pretended to have kidnapped Mary and demanded a bike in return.

15. How did Little Bobby's mother react when he returned from the church?

Ans: Little Bobby's mother thought her plan had worked because he looked sad when he returned from the church.

16. Did Little Bobby really kidnap Mary?

Ans: No, Little Bobby did not really kidnap Mary. It was just a pretend letter.

17. Why did Little Bobby write the pretend letter?

Ans: Little Bobby wrote the pretend letter because he was upset and frustrated, thinking he wouldn't get a bike.

18. What did Little Bobby's mother want him to do before coming home?

Ans: Little Bobby's mother wanted him to be home in time for dinner before coming home.

19. Did Little Bobby's mother know about the pretend letter to God?

Ans: No, Little Bobby's mother was unaware of the pretend letter to God.

20. Did Little Bobby ultimately get a bike for his birthday?

Ans: The story does not mention whether Little Bobby ultimately got a bike for his birthday or not.

The Duck and the Kangaroo (poem) (summary, glossary, antonyms, synonyms and comprehension questions and answers

 The Duck and the Kangaroo (Poem)

Summary:

The poem "The Duck and the Kangaroo" by Edward Lear is about a duck and a kangaroo who have a conversation and go on an adventure together. The duck is tired of its boring life in a pond and admires the kangaroo's ability to hop. It asks the kangaroo for a ride on its back, promising to be a quiet passenger. The duck imagines traveling to different places, like the Dee and the Jelly Bo Lee, over land and sea.

The kangaroo hesitates and expresses concern about the duck's wet and cold feet, worrying it might catch a cold or rheumatism. However, the clever duck reveals that it has prepared by buying socks that fit its webbed feet perfectly and has a cloak to stay warm. The duck even plans to smoke a cigar every day to stay comfortable. Convinced by the duck's preparations, the kangaroo agrees to the adventure.

They set off in the moonlight, with the duck sitting at the end of the kangaroo's tail for balance. Together, they hop around the world three times, experiencing happiness and joy throughout their journey. The poem ends by emphasizing the immense happiness of the duck and the kangaroo as they explore the world together.

In summary, the poem tells the story of a duck that seeks adventure and asks a kangaroo for a ride. Despite initial concerns, the duck convinces the kangaroo with its preparedness. They embark on a thrilling journey, hopping around the world and finding great joy in their companionship and exploration.

Glossary:

1.     Gracious: Showing politeness and kindness.

2.     Hop: To move by jumping with one foot or both feet.

3.     Bore: Something that is dull or uninteresting.

4.     Nasty: Unpleasant or disagreeable.

5.     Pond: A small body of still water.

6.     Beyond: On the other side; in a different place.

7.     Quack: The sound a duck makes.

8.     Dee and Jelly Bo Lee: A fictional place mentioned in the poem.

9.     Reflection: Thinking carefully and deeply about something.

10.  Luck: Good fortune or success.

11.  Objection: A reason for disagreeing or opposing something.

12.  Unpleasantly: In a way that is not pleasing or enjoyable.

13.  Wet: Covered or saturated with water or another liquid.

14.  Cold: Low temperature; not warm.

15.  Roo-Matiz: referring to a possible illness the kangaroo could get.

16.  Socks: Garments worn on the feet to provide warmth and comfort.

17.  Cloak: A long, loose outer garment worn for warmth or protection.

18.  Cigar: A tightly rolled bundle of dried and fermented tobacco leaves.

19.  Moonlight: Light from the moon, usually soft and pale.

20.  Balance: To keep steady and not fall over.

21.  Pale: Light in color; lacking intensity or brightness.

22.  Hop and bound: To jump or move quickly with energy and excitement.

23.  Happy: Feeling or showing joy and contentment.

24.  Companionship: The state of being with someone and enjoying their company.

25.  Explore: To travel or investigate new places or ideas.

26.  Journey: A trip or adventure from one place to another.

Synonyms:

1.     Gracious: Kind, polite, courteous

2.     Hop: Jump, leap, bound

3.     Bore: Tedious, dull, monotonous

4.     Nasty: Unpleasant, disagreeable, gross

5.     Pond: Pool, lake, waterhole

6.     Beyond: Further, farther, outside

7.     Quack: Honk, cackle, squawk

8.     Luck: Fortune, chance, serendipity

9.     Objection: Disapproval, protest, disagreement

10.  Unpleasantly: Disagreeably, distastefully, undesirably

11.  Wet: Moist, damp, soaked

12.  Cold: Chilly, frigid, icy

13.  Socks: Stockings, hosiery, foot coverings

14.  Cloak: Cape, shawl, wrap

15.  Cigar: Cigarette, stogie, smoke

16.  Balance: Stability, equilibrium, poise

17.  Pale: Light, faded, washed-out

18.  Happy: Joyful, delighted, content

19.  Companionship: Friendship, camaraderie, fellowship

20.  Explore: Discover, investigate, venture

21.  Journey: Trip, voyage, expedition

Antonyms:

1.     Gracious: Rude, impolite, discourteous

2.     Hop: Stay, stillness, halt

3.     Bore: Exciting, interesting, captivating

4.     Nasty: Pleasant, agreeable, delightful

5.     Pond: Ocean, sea, river

6.     Beyond: Within, inside, close

7.     Quack: Whisper, silence, quiet

8.     Luck: Misfortune, bad luck, unluckiness

9.     Objection: Agreement, acceptance, approval

10.  Unpleasantly: Pleasantly, agreeably, enjoyably

11.  Wet: Dry, arid, parched

12.  Cold: Warm, hot, heated

13.  Socks: Barefoot, shoeless, uncovered

14.  Cloak: Expose, reveal, uncover

15.  Cigar: Non-smoker, abstainer, teetotaler

16.  Balance: Imbalance, instability, unsteadiness

17.  Pale: Dark, vibrant, vivid

18.  Happy: Sad, unhappy, miserable

19.  Companionship: Solitude, loneliness, isolation

20.  Explore: Ignore, neglect, disregard

21.  Journey: Stagnation, standstill, immobility

Comprehension Questions and Answers for better understanding:

1. Who is the poem about?

Ans: The poem is about a duck and a kangaroo.

2. What does the duck want to do beyond its pond?

Ans: The duck wants to explore the world beyond its pond.

3. What does the duck admire about the kangaroo?

Ans: The duck admires the kangaroo's hopping ability.

4. How does the duck describe its life in the pond?

Ans: The duck describes its life in the pond as boring.

5. What sound does the duck say it will make during the journey?

Ans: The duck says it will say "Quack" during the journey.

6. What places does the duck mention wanting to visit with the kangaroo?

Ans: The duck mentions wanting to visit the Dee and the Jelly Bo Lee.

7. Why is the kangaroo hesitant about giving the duck a ride?

Ans: The kangaroo is hesitant because the duck's wet feet might make it sick.

8. What does the duck say it has bought to address the kangaroo's concern?

Ans: The duck says it has bought socks and a cloak to keep warm.

9. What does the kangaroo worry it might get from the duck's wet feet?

Ans: The kangaroo worries it might get rheumatism (roo-matiz) from the duck's wet feet.

10. Where does the duck say it has thought about the kangaroo's concern?

Ans: The duck says it has thought about the kangaroo's concern while sitting on rocks.

11. What does the duck say it will do to stay warm during the journey?

Ans: The duck says it will smoke a cigar to stay warm.

12. How does the duck suggest sitting on the kangaroo's back?

Ans: The duck suggests sitting at the end of the kangaroo's tail for balance.

13. In what light do they set off on their journey?

Ans: They set off in the moonlight.

14. How many times do they hop around the world?

Ans: They hop around the world three times.

15. How do the duck and the kangaroo feel during their adventure?

Ans: They feel happy and joyful.

16. What does the poem say about the duck and the kangaroo at the end?

Ans: The poem says that they are very happy.

17. What kind of life does the duck want to escape from?

Ans: The duck wants to escape from its life in the pond.

18. What does the duck ask the kangaroo for?

Ans: The duck asks the kangaroo for a ride on its back.

19. What does the kangaroo worry about regarding the duck's feet?

Ans: The kangaroo worries about the duck's wet and cold feet.

20. What do the duck and the kangaroo do together?

Ans: They go on an adventure and travel together.

 The Duck and the Kangaroo (Poem)

Summary:

The poem "The Duck and the Kangaroo" by Edward Lear is about a duck and a kangaroo who have a conversation and go on an adventure together. The duck is tired of its boring life in a pond and admires the kangaroo's ability to hop. It asks the kangaroo for a ride on its back, promising to be a quiet passenger. The duck imagines traveling to different places, like the Dee and the Jelly Bo Lee, over land and sea.

The kangaroo hesitates and expresses concern about the duck's wet and cold feet, worrying it might catch a cold or rheumatism. However, the clever duck reveals that it has prepared by buying socks that fit its webbed feet perfectly and has a cloak to stay warm. The duck even plans to smoke a cigar every day to stay comfortable. Convinced by the duck's preparations, the kangaroo agrees to the adventure.

They set off in the moonlight, with the duck sitting at the end of the kangaroo's tail for balance. Together, they hop around the world three times, experiencing happiness and joy throughout their journey. The poem ends by emphasizing the immense happiness of the duck and the kangaroo as they explore the world together.

In summary, the poem tells the story of a duck that seeks adventure and asks a kangaroo for a ride. Despite initial concerns, the duck convinces the kangaroo with its preparedness. They embark on a thrilling journey, hopping around the world and finding great joy in their companionship and exploration.

Glossary:

1.     Gracious: Showing politeness and kindness.

2.     Hop: To move by jumping with one foot or both feet.

3.     Bore: Something that is dull or uninteresting.

4.     Nasty: Unpleasant or disagreeable.

5.     Pond: A small body of still water.

6.     Beyond: On the other side; in a different place.

7.     Quack: The sound a duck makes.

8.     Dee and Jelly Bo Lee: A fictional place mentioned in the poem.

9.     Reflection: Thinking carefully and deeply about something.

10.  Luck: Good fortune or success.

11.  Objection: A reason for disagreeing or opposing something.

12.  Unpleasantly: In a way that is not pleasing or enjoyable.

13.  Wet: Covered or saturated with water or another liquid.

14.  Cold: Low temperature; not warm.

15.  Roo-Matiz: referring to a possible illness the kangaroo could get.

16.  Socks: Garments worn on the feet to provide warmth and comfort.

17.  Cloak: A long, loose outer garment worn for warmth or protection.

18.  Cigar: A tightly rolled bundle of dried and fermented tobacco leaves.

19.  Moonlight: Light from the moon, usually soft and pale.

20.  Balance: To keep steady and not fall over.

21.  Pale: Light in color; lacking intensity or brightness.

22.  Hop and bound: To jump or move quickly with energy and excitement.

23.  Happy: Feeling or showing joy and contentment.

24.  Companionship: The state of being with someone and enjoying their company.

25.  Explore: To travel or investigate new places or ideas.

26.  Journey: A trip or adventure from one place to another.

Synonyms:

1.     Gracious: Kind, polite, courteous

2.     Hop: Jump, leap, bound

3.     Bore: Tedious, dull, monotonous

4.     Nasty: Unpleasant, disagreeable, gross

5.     Pond: Pool, lake, waterhole

6.     Beyond: Further, farther, outside

7.     Quack: Honk, cackle, squawk

8.     Luck: Fortune, chance, serendipity

9.     Objection: Disapproval, protest, disagreement

10.  Unpleasantly: Disagreeably, distastefully, undesirably

11.  Wet: Moist, damp, soaked

12.  Cold: Chilly, frigid, icy

13.  Socks: Stockings, hosiery, foot coverings

14.  Cloak: Cape, shawl, wrap

15.  Cigar: Cigarette, stogie, smoke

16.  Balance: Stability, equilibrium, poise

17.  Pale: Light, faded, washed-out

18.  Happy: Joyful, delighted, content

19.  Companionship: Friendship, camaraderie, fellowship

20.  Explore: Discover, investigate, venture

21.  Journey: Trip, voyage, expedition

Antonyms:

1.     Gracious: Rude, impolite, discourteous

2.     Hop: Stay, stillness, halt

3.     Bore: Exciting, interesting, captivating

4.     Nasty: Pleasant, agreeable, delightful

5.     Pond: Ocean, sea, river

6.     Beyond: Within, inside, close

7.     Quack: Whisper, silence, quiet

8.     Luck: Misfortune, bad luck, unluckiness

9.     Objection: Agreement, acceptance, approval

10.  Unpleasantly: Pleasantly, agreeably, enjoyably

11.  Wet: Dry, arid, parched

12.  Cold: Warm, hot, heated

13.  Socks: Barefoot, shoeless, uncovered

14.  Cloak: Expose, reveal, uncover

15.  Cigar: Non-smoker, abstainer, teetotaler

16.  Balance: Imbalance, instability, unsteadiness

17.  Pale: Dark, vibrant, vivid

18.  Happy: Sad, unhappy, miserable

19.  Companionship: Solitude, loneliness, isolation

20.  Explore: Ignore, neglect, disregard

21.  Journey: Stagnation, standstill, immobility

Comprehension Questions and Answers for better understanding:

1. Who is the poem about?

Ans: The poem is about a duck and a kangaroo.

2. What does the duck want to do beyond its pond?

Ans: The duck wants to explore the world beyond its pond.

3. What does the duck admire about the kangaroo?

Ans: The duck admires the kangaroo's hopping ability.

4. How does the duck describe its life in the pond?

Ans: The duck describes its life in the pond as boring.

5. What sound does the duck say it will make during the journey?

Ans: The duck says it will say "Quack" during the journey.

6. What places does the duck mention wanting to visit with the kangaroo?

Ans: The duck mentions wanting to visit the Dee and the Jelly Bo Lee.

7. Why is the kangaroo hesitant about giving the duck a ride?

Ans: The kangaroo is hesitant because the duck's wet feet might make it sick.

8. What does the duck say it has bought to address the kangaroo's concern?

Ans: The duck says it has bought socks and a cloak to keep warm.

9. What does the kangaroo worry it might get from the duck's wet feet?

Ans: The kangaroo worries it might get rheumatism (roo-matiz) from the duck's wet feet.

10. Where does the duck say it has thought about the kangaroo's concern?

Ans: The duck says it has thought about the kangaroo's concern while sitting on rocks.

11. What does the duck say it will do to stay warm during the journey?

Ans: The duck says it will smoke a cigar to stay warm.

12. How does the duck suggest sitting on the kangaroo's back?

Ans: The duck suggests sitting at the end of the kangaroo's tail for balance.

13. In what light do they set off on their journey?

Ans: They set off in the moonlight.

14. How many times do they hop around the world?

Ans: They hop around the world three times.

15. How do the duck and the kangaroo feel during their adventure?

Ans: They feel happy and joyful.

16. What does the poem say about the duck and the kangaroo at the end?

Ans: The poem says that they are very happy.

17. What kind of life does the duck want to escape from?

Ans: The duck wants to escape from its life in the pond.

18. What does the duck ask the kangaroo for?

Ans: The duck asks the kangaroo for a ride on its back.

19. What does the kangaroo worry about regarding the duck's feet?

Ans: The kangaroo worries about the duck's wet and cold feet.

20. What do the duck and the kangaroo do together?

Ans: They go on an adventure and travel together.

The Tattered Blanket 8th class (Glossary, Antonyms, Synonyms and comprehension questions and answers)

 The Tattered Blanket 8th class 

(Glossary, Antonyms, Synonyms and comprehension questions and answers)

THE TATTERED BLANKET

Glossary:

1. Veranda: A roofed platform along the outside of a house, usually with a railing or balustrade.
2. Thinna: A low wooden stool or seat.
3. Futil: Useless; having no practical effect or outcome.
4. Screw up: To close or partially close one's eyes tightly.
5. Grating: Harsh or unpleasant-sounding.
6. Promotion: Advancement to a higher position or rank.
7. On one's toes: Busy / Alert and ready for action.
8. Tours: Trips or journeys, typically for business purposes.
9. Memory: The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information.
10. District Collector: An administrative official in charge of a district, responsible for collecting revenue and maintaining law and order.
11. Mist: A thin, gray cloud of tiny water droplets suspended in the air near the ground.
12. Ball of knotted yarn: A tangled mass of thread or wool.
13. Exasperatedly: In a frustrated or irritated manner.
14. Briefcase: A small, flat case used for carrying documents or papers.
15. Status: One's social or professional standing or position.
16. Property: Possessions or belongings, often referring to land or buildings.
17. Feebly: Weakly or without strength.
18. Declining memory: A gradual deterioration or loss of memory function.
19. Tattered: Torn, ragged, or worn out.
20. Memory loss: Impairment or inability to remember or recall information.

Antonyms:

1. Arrival - Departure
2. Unexpected - Expected
3. Up - Down
4. Reluctantly - Willingly
5. Remember - Forget
6. Sharp - Dull
7. Busy - Free
8. Knowledge - Ignorance
9. Warm - Cold
10. Remember - Forget
11. Expensive - Inexpensive
12. Look after - Neglect
13. Sell - Keep
14. Near - Far
15. Strong - Feeble
16. Improvement - Deterioration
17. Memory loss - Memory retention

Synonyms:

1. Unexpected - Surprising, unforeseen
2. Gate - Entrance, doorway
3. Reluctantly - Unwillingly, hesitantly
4. Visit - Call, drop by
5. Scared - Afraid, frightened
6. Sudden - Abrupt, unexpected
7. Alarm - Fright, panic
8. Explanation - Clarification, description
9. Sharp - Clear, keen
10. Memory - Recall, remembrance
11. Exasperatedly - Frustratingly, irritably
12. Contents - Items, belongings
13. Clothes - Apparel, garments
14. Files - Documents, records
15. Shaving set - Grooming kit, razor kit
16. Letter - Correspondence, message
17. Upset - Distressed, disturbed
18. Expensive - Costly, pricey
19. Raise - Increase, elevate
20. Property - Possessions, assets

Comprehension Questions and Answers:

1.      Who arrives unexpectedly at the home in the countryside?

Ans: Gopi, a bald, fat, middle-aged man, arrives unexpectedly at the home.

2.      How does Kamala, Gopi's sister, react when she sees him?

Ans: Kamala reacts with a grating voice and asks why he made a sudden unexpected visit.

3.      Why is Gopi's mother lying in an armchair on the veranda?

Ans: Gopi's mother is lying in an armchair on the veranda due to her physical condition.

4.      Why does Gopi's sister mention that their mother often fails to recognize people?

Ans: Gopi's sister mentions this because their mother's memory is declining, and she frequently fails to recognize people.

5.      Why does Gopi mention that he hasn't been able to write letters?

Ans: Gopi mentions that he hasn't been able to write letters because he got a promotion last year, and his busy schedule leaves him with no time.

6.      How does Gopi's sister try to comfort their mother regarding Gopi's letters?

Ans: Gopi's sister assures their mother that Gopi writes letters every day to make her feel better.

7.      What request does Gopi's mother make regarding a blanket?

Ans: Gopi's mother requests Gopi to send her a red blanket to keep her warm during the cold mornings.

8.      Why is Gopi's sister exasperated with him?

Ans: Gopi's sister is exasperated because he seems unaware of what has been happening at home and lacks knowledge about their mother's condition.

9.      What does Gopi bring with him in his briefcase?

Ans: Gopi brings clothes, files, and a shaving set in his briefcase.

10.   What does Gopi's mother ask him to tell his son in Delhi?

Ans: Gopi's mother asks him to tell his son in Delhi to send her a red blanket.

 The Tattered Blanket 8th class 

(Glossary, Antonyms, Synonyms and comprehension questions and answers)

THE TATTERED BLANKET

Glossary:

1. Veranda: A roofed platform along the outside of a house, usually with a railing or balustrade.
2. Thinna: A low wooden stool or seat.
3. Futil: Useless; having no practical effect or outcome.
4. Screw up: To close or partially close one's eyes tightly.
5. Grating: Harsh or unpleasant-sounding.
6. Promotion: Advancement to a higher position or rank.
7. On one's toes: Busy / Alert and ready for action.
8. Tours: Trips or journeys, typically for business purposes.
9. Memory: The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information.
10. District Collector: An administrative official in charge of a district, responsible for collecting revenue and maintaining law and order.
11. Mist: A thin, gray cloud of tiny water droplets suspended in the air near the ground.
12. Ball of knotted yarn: A tangled mass of thread or wool.
13. Exasperatedly: In a frustrated or irritated manner.
14. Briefcase: A small, flat case used for carrying documents or papers.
15. Status: One's social or professional standing or position.
16. Property: Possessions or belongings, often referring to land or buildings.
17. Feebly: Weakly or without strength.
18. Declining memory: A gradual deterioration or loss of memory function.
19. Tattered: Torn, ragged, or worn out.
20. Memory loss: Impairment or inability to remember or recall information.

Antonyms:

1. Arrival - Departure
2. Unexpected - Expected
3. Up - Down
4. Reluctantly - Willingly
5. Remember - Forget
6. Sharp - Dull
7. Busy - Free
8. Knowledge - Ignorance
9. Warm - Cold
10. Remember - Forget
11. Expensive - Inexpensive
12. Look after - Neglect
13. Sell - Keep
14. Near - Far
15. Strong - Feeble
16. Improvement - Deterioration
17. Memory loss - Memory retention

Synonyms:

1. Unexpected - Surprising, unforeseen
2. Gate - Entrance, doorway
3. Reluctantly - Unwillingly, hesitantly
4. Visit - Call, drop by
5. Scared - Afraid, frightened
6. Sudden - Abrupt, unexpected
7. Alarm - Fright, panic
8. Explanation - Clarification, description
9. Sharp - Clear, keen
10. Memory - Recall, remembrance
11. Exasperatedly - Frustratingly, irritably
12. Contents - Items, belongings
13. Clothes - Apparel, garments
14. Files - Documents, records
15. Shaving set - Grooming kit, razor kit
16. Letter - Correspondence, message
17. Upset - Distressed, disturbed
18. Expensive - Costly, pricey
19. Raise - Increase, elevate
20. Property - Possessions, assets

Comprehension Questions and Answers:

1.      Who arrives unexpectedly at the home in the countryside?

Ans: Gopi, a bald, fat, middle-aged man, arrives unexpectedly at the home.

2.      How does Kamala, Gopi's sister, react when she sees him?

Ans: Kamala reacts with a grating voice and asks why he made a sudden unexpected visit.

3.      Why is Gopi's mother lying in an armchair on the veranda?

Ans: Gopi's mother is lying in an armchair on the veranda due to her physical condition.

4.      Why does Gopi's sister mention that their mother often fails to recognize people?

Ans: Gopi's sister mentions this because their mother's memory is declining, and she frequently fails to recognize people.

5.      Why does Gopi mention that he hasn't been able to write letters?

Ans: Gopi mentions that he hasn't been able to write letters because he got a promotion last year, and his busy schedule leaves him with no time.

6.      How does Gopi's sister try to comfort their mother regarding Gopi's letters?

Ans: Gopi's sister assures their mother that Gopi writes letters every day to make her feel better.

7.      What request does Gopi's mother make regarding a blanket?

Ans: Gopi's mother requests Gopi to send her a red blanket to keep her warm during the cold mornings.

8.      Why is Gopi's sister exasperated with him?

Ans: Gopi's sister is exasperated because he seems unaware of what has been happening at home and lacks knowledge about their mother's condition.

9.      What does Gopi bring with him in his briefcase?

Ans: Gopi brings clothes, files, and a shaving set in his briefcase.

10.   What does Gopi's mother ask him to tell his son in Delhi?

Ans: Gopi's mother asks him to tell his son in Delhi to send her a red blanket.

RELATIVE CLAUSE (Combining two sentences using relative clause)

 Relative Clauses:

Relative clauses are dependent clauses that provide additional information about a noun or pronoun in the main clause. They are introduced by relative pronouns (such as "who," "whom," "whose," "which," and "that") or relative adverbs (such as "where," "when," and "why").

Relative clauses function as adjectives because they modify or describe a noun or pronoun in the main clause. They add extra details to the sentence and help provide more specific information about the noun or pronoun being referred to.

Here are a few examples of relative clauses:

1. The man who is standing over there is my uncle. (The relative clause "who is standing over there" describes the noun "man.")
2. The book that I'm reading is very interesting. (The relative clause "that I'm reading" describes the noun "book.")
3. This is the house where I grew up. (The relative clause "where I grew up" describes the noun "house.")
4. She is wearing the necklace that her grandmother gave her. (The relative clause "that her grandmother gave her" describes the noun "necklace.")

Relative clauses can provide essential or non-essential information. Essential relative clauses, also known as defining or restrictive clauses, are necessary to identify the noun or pronoun being referred to. Non-essential relative clauses, also known as non-defining or non-restrictive clauses, provide additional information but are not necessary for identifying the noun or pronoun.

For example:

• Essential: The dog that barked at me chased its tail.
• Non-essential: Lucky, who is my best friend, likes to play tennis.

In the essential relative clause, "that barked at me" is necessary to identify which dog is being referred to. In the non-essential relative clause, "who is my best friend" provides additional information about Lucky but is not essential for identifying her.

Relative clauses are commonly used in both spoken and written English to add descriptive details and provide more precise information in sentences.

Types of Relative Clauses:

There are two main kinds of relative clauses: restrictive (defining) relative clauses and non-restrictive (non-defining) relative clauses. Let's explore each type:

1. Defining Relative Clauses:

• Also known as restrictive relative clauses.
• Provide essential information to identify or define the noun or pronoun they modify.
• Usually not separated by commas.

Examples:

·        The car that I bought last week is blue.

·        The book that is on the table belongs to me.

2. Non-Defining Relative Clauses:

• Also known as non-restrictive relative clauses.
• Provide additional, non-essential information about the noun or pronoun they modify.
• Separated by commas (or parentheses or dashes) from the main clause.

Examples:

·        My sister, who lives in London, is coming to visit.

·        John's laptop, which he uses for work, is quite expensive.

It's important to note that non-restrictive relative clauses add extra details but do not limit the meaning of the main clause. In contrast, restrictive relative clauses are essential for identifying or defining the noun or pronoun they modify.

In addition to these two main kinds, relative clauses can also be categorized based on the type of relative pronoun or relative adverb used to introduce them. Here are some examples:

Relative Pronouns:

• Who: refers to people.
• Whom: also refers to people but is used in formal contexts.
• Which: refers to things or animals.
• Whose: shows possession.
• That: refers to people, things, or animals (can be used interchangeably with "who" or "which" in restrictive clauses).

Relative Adverbs:

• When: refers to a specific time.
• Where: refers to a specific place.
• Why: refers to a reason or cause.

Examples:

• The girl who is standing over there is my sister.
• This is the book which I was talking about.
• The house where they used to live is now abandoned.
• That is the reason why she resigned from her job.

How to combine two statements into one using defining relative clause:

To combine two statements into one using a defining relative clause, you can use the relative pronouns "who," "whom," "whose," "which," or "that" along with a verb in the relative clause. Here's an example:

Statement 1: The book is on the table.

Statement 2: I am reading it.

Combined using a defining relative clause: The book that I am reading is on the table.

In this example, the relative pronoun "that" introduces the defining relative clause "that I am reading," which specifies and identifies the book being referred to in the main clause.

Defining relative clauses are used to provide essential information that identifies or specifies the noun being referred to. They are not set off by commas and cannot be removed from the sentence without altering its meaning or leaving it incomplete.

How to combine two statements into one using non-defining relative clause:

To combine two statements into one using a non-defining relative clause, you can use the relative pronouns "who," "whom," "whose," "which," or "that" along with a verb in the relative clause. Here's an example:

Statement 1: John, my neighbor, is a doctor. Statement 2: He works at the hospital.

Combined using a non-defining relative clause: John, who works at the hospital, is a doctor.

In this example, the relative pronoun "who" introduces the non-defining relative clause "who works at the hospital," which provides additional information about the noun "John" in the main clause.

Non-defining relative clauses are used to provide additional information about a noun without changing the essential meaning of the sentence. They are set off by commas and can be removed from the sentence without altering its core meaning.

Exercise: Combine the two sentences into one using relative clause.

Q. I read a book. The book was written by J.K. Rowling.

A. The book that I read was written by J.K. Rowling.

1. I visited a city. The city was known for its historical landmarks.
2. She adopted a dog. The dog was abandoned on the street.
3. We attended a concert. The concert was held in a beautiful theatre.
4. He bought a house. The house had a spacious backyard.
5. They tried a new restaurant. The restaurant had excellent reviews.
6. She received a gift. The gift was wrapped in colourful paper.
7. We met a person. The person had travelled around the world.
8. He ate a dish. The dish was spicy and flavourful.
9. They saw a movie. The movie was directed by Christopher Nolan.
10. I read a book. The book had won several literary awards.
11. She wore a dress. The dress was designed by a famous fashion designer.
12. We bought a car. The car had low mileage.
13. He played a game. The game was challenging and addictive.
14. They found a treasure. The treasure was buried in the sand.
15. She listened to a song. The song had meaningful lyrics.
16. We visited a museum. The museum displayed ancient objects.
17. He wrote a letter. The letter was addressed to his best friend.
18. They tasted a dessert. The dessert was made with fresh fruits.
19. She joined a club. The club organized regular social events.
20. We saw a performance. The performance received standing ovation.
21. The concert was held in a large stadium. It attracted a crowd of thousands.
22. The book received rave reviews from critics. It has become a bestseller.
23. The city has a rich cultural heritage. It offers a variety of cultural festivals.
24. The painting depicts a beautiful landscape. It captures the essence of nature.
25. The cake is decorated with intricate designs. It tastes delicious.
26. The movie won multiple awards at film festivals. It received accolades for its direction and performances.
27. The mountain is covered in snow during winter. It offers breath-taking views.
28. The dress is made of luxurious silk fabric. It is designed by a renowned fashion designer.
29. The beach is a popular tourist destination. It boasts pristine white sands.
30. The sculpture is displayed in a public park. It is admired by art enthusiasts.
31. The restaurant offers a wide range of vegetarian options. It has a cozy and welcoming ambiance.
32. The novel is a New York Times bestseller. It has captivated readers worldwide.
33. The garden is filled with aromatic flowers. It provides a serene and tranquil environment.
34. The museum showcases historical artifacts. It provides insights into the past.
35. The smartphone has a high-resolution display. It offers advanced features.
36. The car is equipped with the latest technology. It ensures a smooth and comfortable ride.
37. The song topped the music charts for weeks. It has become a popular anthem.
38. The laptop has a long battery life. It is lightweight and portable.
39. The building is an architectural masterpiece. It stands tall in the city skyline.
40. The festival attracts thousands of visitors each year. It celebrates local traditions and cultures.

 Relative Clauses:

Relative clauses are dependent clauses that provide additional information about a noun or pronoun in the main clause. They are introduced by relative pronouns (such as "who," "whom," "whose," "which," and "that") or relative adverbs (such as "where," "when," and "why").

Relative clauses function as adjectives because they modify or describe a noun or pronoun in the main clause. They add extra details to the sentence and help provide more specific information about the noun or pronoun being referred to.

Here are a few examples of relative clauses:

1. The man who is standing over there is my uncle. (The relative clause "who is standing over there" describes the noun "man.")
2. The book that I'm reading is very interesting. (The relative clause "that I'm reading" describes the noun "book.")
3. This is the house where I grew up. (The relative clause "where I grew up" describes the noun "house.")
4. She is wearing the necklace that her grandmother gave her. (The relative clause "that her grandmother gave her" describes the noun "necklace.")

Relative clauses can provide essential or non-essential information. Essential relative clauses, also known as defining or restrictive clauses, are necessary to identify the noun or pronoun being referred to. Non-essential relative clauses, also known as non-defining or non-restrictive clauses, provide additional information but are not necessary for identifying the noun or pronoun.

For example:

• Essential: The dog that barked at me chased its tail.
• Non-essential: Lucky, who is my best friend, likes to play tennis.

In the essential relative clause, "that barked at me" is necessary to identify which dog is being referred to. In the non-essential relative clause, "who is my best friend" provides additional information about Lucky but is not essential for identifying her.

Relative clauses are commonly used in both spoken and written English to add descriptive details and provide more precise information in sentences.

Types of Relative Clauses:

There are two main kinds of relative clauses: restrictive (defining) relative clauses and non-restrictive (non-defining) relative clauses. Let's explore each type:

1. Defining Relative Clauses:

• Also known as restrictive relative clauses.
• Provide essential information to identify or define the noun or pronoun they modify.
• Usually not separated by commas.

Examples:

·        The car that I bought last week is blue.

·        The book that is on the table belongs to me.

2. Non-Defining Relative Clauses:

• Also known as non-restrictive relative clauses.
• Provide additional, non-essential information about the noun or pronoun they modify.
• Separated by commas (or parentheses or dashes) from the main clause.

Examples:

·        My sister, who lives in London, is coming to visit.

·        John's laptop, which he uses for work, is quite expensive.

It's important to note that non-restrictive relative clauses add extra details but do not limit the meaning of the main clause. In contrast, restrictive relative clauses are essential for identifying or defining the noun or pronoun they modify.

In addition to these two main kinds, relative clauses can also be categorized based on the type of relative pronoun or relative adverb used to introduce them. Here are some examples:

Relative Pronouns:

• Who: refers to people.
• Whom: also refers to people but is used in formal contexts.
• Which: refers to things or animals.
• Whose: shows possession.
• That: refers to people, things, or animals (can be used interchangeably with "who" or "which" in restrictive clauses).

Relative Adverbs:

• When: refers to a specific time.
• Where: refers to a specific place.
• Why: refers to a reason or cause.

Examples:

• The girl who is standing over there is my sister.
• This is the book which I was talking about.
• The house where they used to live is now abandoned.
• That is the reason why she resigned from her job.

How to combine two statements into one using defining relative clause:

To combine two statements into one using a defining relative clause, you can use the relative pronouns "who," "whom," "whose," "which," or "that" along with a verb in the relative clause. Here's an example:

Statement 1: The book is on the table.

Statement 2: I am reading it.

Combined using a defining relative clause: The book that I am reading is on the table.

In this example, the relative pronoun "that" introduces the defining relative clause "that I am reading," which specifies and identifies the book being referred to in the main clause.

Defining relative clauses are used to provide essential information that identifies or specifies the noun being referred to. They are not set off by commas and cannot be removed from the sentence without altering its meaning or leaving it incomplete.

How to combine two statements into one using non-defining relative clause:

To combine two statements into one using a non-defining relative clause, you can use the relative pronouns "who," "whom," "whose," "which," or "that" along with a verb in the relative clause. Here's an example:

Statement 1: John, my neighbor, is a doctor. Statement 2: He works at the hospital.

Combined using a non-defining relative clause: John, who works at the hospital, is a doctor.

In this example, the relative pronoun "who" introduces the non-defining relative clause "who works at the hospital," which provides additional information about the noun "John" in the main clause.

Non-defining relative clauses are used to provide additional information about a noun without changing the essential meaning of the sentence. They are set off by commas and can be removed from the sentence without altering its core meaning.

Exercise: Combine the two sentences into one using relative clause.

Q. I read a book. The book was written by J.K. Rowling.

A. The book that I read was written by J.K. Rowling.

1. I visited a city. The city was known for its historical landmarks.
2. She adopted a dog. The dog was abandoned on the street.
3. We attended a concert. The concert was held in a beautiful theatre.
4. He bought a house. The house had a spacious backyard.
5. They tried a new restaurant. The restaurant had excellent reviews.
6. She received a gift. The gift was wrapped in colourful paper.
7. We met a person. The person had travelled around the world.
8. He ate a dish. The dish was spicy and flavourful.
9. They saw a movie. The movie was directed by Christopher Nolan.
10. I read a book. The book had won several literary awards.
11. She wore a dress. The dress was designed by a famous fashion designer.
12. We bought a car. The car had low mileage.
13. He played a game. The game was challenging and addictive.
14. They found a treasure. The treasure was buried in the sand.
15. She listened to a song. The song had meaningful lyrics.
16. We visited a museum. The museum displayed ancient objects.
17. He wrote a letter. The letter was addressed to his best friend.
18. They tasted a dessert. The dessert was made with fresh fruits.
19. She joined a club. The club organized regular social events.
20. We saw a performance. The performance received standing ovation.
21. The concert was held in a large stadium. It attracted a crowd of thousands.
22. The book received rave reviews from critics. It has become a bestseller.
23. The city has a rich cultural heritage. It offers a variety of cultural festivals.
24. The painting depicts a beautiful landscape. It captures the essence of nature.
25. The cake is decorated with intricate designs. It tastes delicious.
26. The movie won multiple awards at film festivals. It received accolades for its direction and performances.
27. The mountain is covered in snow during winter. It offers breath-taking views.
28. The dress is made of luxurious silk fabric. It is designed by a renowned fashion designer.
29. The beach is a popular tourist destination. It boasts pristine white sands.
30. The sculpture is displayed in a public park. It is admired by art enthusiasts.
31. The restaurant offers a wide range of vegetarian options. It has a cozy and welcoming ambiance.
32. The novel is a New York Times bestseller. It has captivated readers worldwide.
33. The garden is filled with aromatic flowers. It provides a serene and tranquil environment.
34. The museum showcases historical artifacts. It provides insights into the past.
35. The smartphone has a high-resolution display. It offers advanced features.
36. The car is equipped with the latest technology. It ensures a smooth and comfortable ride.
37. The song topped the music charts for weeks. It has become a popular anthem.
38. The laptop has a long battery life. It is lightweight and portable.
39. The building is an architectural masterpiece. It stands tall in the city skyline.
40. The festival attracts thousands of visitors each year. It celebrates local traditions and cultures.