RELATIVE CLAUSE (Combining two sentences using relative clause)

 Relative Clauses:

Relative clauses are dependent clauses that provide additional information about a noun or pronoun in the main clause. They are introduced by relative pronouns (such as "who," "whom," "whose," "which," and "that") or relative adverbs (such as "where," "when," and "why").

Relative clauses function as adjectives because they modify or describe a noun or pronoun in the main clause. They add extra details to the sentence and help provide more specific information about the noun or pronoun being referred to.

Here are a few examples of relative clauses:

1. The man who is standing over there is my uncle. (The relative clause "who is standing over there" describes the noun "man.")
2. The book that I'm reading is very interesting. (The relative clause "that I'm reading" describes the noun "book.")
3. This is the house where I grew up. (The relative clause "where I grew up" describes the noun "house.")
4. She is wearing the necklace that her grandmother gave her. (The relative clause "that her grandmother gave her" describes the noun "necklace.")

Relative clauses can provide essential or non-essential information. Essential relative clauses, also known as defining or restrictive clauses, are necessary to identify the noun or pronoun being referred to. Non-essential relative clauses, also known as non-defining or non-restrictive clauses, provide additional information but are not necessary for identifying the noun or pronoun.

For example:

• Essential: The dog that barked at me chased its tail.
• Non-essential: Lucky, who is my best friend, likes to play tennis.

In the essential relative clause, "that barked at me" is necessary to identify which dog is being referred to. In the non-essential relative clause, "who is my best friend" provides additional information about Lucky but is not essential for identifying her.

Relative clauses are commonly used in both spoken and written English to add descriptive details and provide more precise information in sentences.

Types of Relative Clauses:

There are two main kinds of relative clauses: restrictive (defining) relative clauses and non-restrictive (non-defining) relative clauses. Let's explore each type:

1. Defining Relative Clauses:

• Also known as restrictive relative clauses.
• Provide essential information to identify or define the noun or pronoun they modify.
• Usually not separated by commas.

Examples:

·        The car that I bought last week is blue.

·        The book that is on the table belongs to me.

2. Non-Defining Relative Clauses:

• Also known as non-restrictive relative clauses.
• Provide additional, non-essential information about the noun or pronoun they modify.
• Separated by commas (or parentheses or dashes) from the main clause.

Examples:

·        My sister, who lives in London, is coming to visit.

·        John's laptop, which he uses for work, is quite expensive.

It's important to note that non-restrictive relative clauses add extra details but do not limit the meaning of the main clause. In contrast, restrictive relative clauses are essential for identifying or defining the noun or pronoun they modify.

In addition to these two main kinds, relative clauses can also be categorized based on the type of relative pronoun or relative adverb used to introduce them. Here are some examples:

Relative Pronouns:

• Who: refers to people.
• Whom: also refers to people but is used in formal contexts.
• Which: refers to things or animals.
• Whose: shows possession.
• That: refers to people, things, or animals (can be used interchangeably with "who" or "which" in restrictive clauses).

Relative Adverbs:

• When: refers to a specific time.
• Where: refers to a specific place.
• Why: refers to a reason or cause.

Examples:

• The girl who is standing over there is my sister.
• This is the book which I was talking about.
• The house where they used to live is now abandoned.
• That is the reason why she resigned from her job.

How to combine two statements into one using defining relative clause:

To combine two statements into one using a defining relative clause, you can use the relative pronouns "who," "whom," "whose," "which," or "that" along with a verb in the relative clause. Here's an example:

Statement 1: The book is on the table.

Statement 2: I am reading it.

Combined using a defining relative clause: The book that I am reading is on the table.

In this example, the relative pronoun "that" introduces the defining relative clause "that I am reading," which specifies and identifies the book being referred to in the main clause.

Defining relative clauses are used to provide essential information that identifies or specifies the noun being referred to. They are not set off by commas and cannot be removed from the sentence without altering its meaning or leaving it incomplete.

How to combine two statements into one using non-defining relative clause:

To combine two statements into one using a non-defining relative clause, you can use the relative pronouns "who," "whom," "whose," "which," or "that" along with a verb in the relative clause. Here's an example:

Statement 1: John, my neighbor, is a doctor. Statement 2: He works at the hospital.

Combined using a non-defining relative clause: John, who works at the hospital, is a doctor.

In this example, the relative pronoun "who" introduces the non-defining relative clause "who works at the hospital," which provides additional information about the noun "John" in the main clause.

Non-defining relative clauses are used to provide additional information about a noun without changing the essential meaning of the sentence. They are set off by commas and can be removed from the sentence without altering its core meaning.

Exercise: Combine the two sentences into one using relative clause.

Q. I read a book. The book was written by J.K. Rowling.

A. The book that I read was written by J.K. Rowling.

1. I visited a city. The city was known for its historical landmarks.
2. She adopted a dog. The dog was abandoned on the street.
3. We attended a concert. The concert was held in a beautiful theatre.
4. He bought a house. The house had a spacious backyard.
5. They tried a new restaurant. The restaurant had excellent reviews.
6. She received a gift. The gift was wrapped in colourful paper.
7. We met a person. The person had travelled around the world.
8. He ate a dish. The dish was spicy and flavourful.
9. They saw a movie. The movie was directed by Christopher Nolan.
10. I read a book. The book had won several literary awards.
11. She wore a dress. The dress was designed by a famous fashion designer.
12. We bought a car. The car had low mileage.
13. He played a game. The game was challenging and addictive.
14. They found a treasure. The treasure was buried in the sand.
15. She listened to a song. The song had meaningful lyrics.
16. We visited a museum. The museum displayed ancient objects.
17. He wrote a letter. The letter was addressed to his best friend.
18. They tasted a dessert. The dessert was made with fresh fruits.
19. She joined a club. The club organized regular social events.
20. We saw a performance. The performance received standing ovation.
21. The concert was held in a large stadium. It attracted a crowd of thousands.
22. The book received rave reviews from critics. It has become a bestseller.
23. The city has a rich cultural heritage. It offers a variety of cultural festivals.
24. The painting depicts a beautiful landscape. It captures the essence of nature.
25. The cake is decorated with intricate designs. It tastes delicious.
26. The movie won multiple awards at film festivals. It received accolades for its direction and performances.
27. The mountain is covered in snow during winter. It offers breath-taking views.
28. The dress is made of luxurious silk fabric. It is designed by a renowned fashion designer.
29. The beach is a popular tourist destination. It boasts pristine white sands.
30. The sculpture is displayed in a public park. It is admired by art enthusiasts.
31. The restaurant offers a wide range of vegetarian options. It has a cozy and welcoming ambiance.
32. The novel is a New York Times bestseller. It has captivated readers worldwide.
33. The garden is filled with aromatic flowers. It provides a serene and tranquil environment.
34. The museum showcases historical artifacts. It provides insights into the past.
35. The smartphone has a high-resolution display. It offers advanced features.
36. The car is equipped with the latest technology. It ensures a smooth and comfortable ride.
37. The song topped the music charts for weeks. It has become a popular anthem.
38. The laptop has a long battery life. It is lightweight and portable.
39. The building is an architectural masterpiece. It stands tall in the city skyline.
40. The festival attracts thousands of visitors each year. It celebrates local traditions and cultures.

 Relative Clauses:

Relative clauses are dependent clauses that provide additional information about a noun or pronoun in the main clause. They are introduced by relative pronouns (such as "who," "whom," "whose," "which," and "that") or relative adverbs (such as "where," "when," and "why").

Relative clauses function as adjectives because they modify or describe a noun or pronoun in the main clause. They add extra details to the sentence and help provide more specific information about the noun or pronoun being referred to.

Here are a few examples of relative clauses:

1. The man who is standing over there is my uncle. (The relative clause "who is standing over there" describes the noun "man.")
2. The book that I'm reading is very interesting. (The relative clause "that I'm reading" describes the noun "book.")
3. This is the house where I grew up. (The relative clause "where I grew up" describes the noun "house.")
4. She is wearing the necklace that her grandmother gave her. (The relative clause "that her grandmother gave her" describes the noun "necklace.")

Relative clauses can provide essential or non-essential information. Essential relative clauses, also known as defining or restrictive clauses, are necessary to identify the noun or pronoun being referred to. Non-essential relative clauses, also known as non-defining or non-restrictive clauses, provide additional information but are not necessary for identifying the noun or pronoun.

For example:

• Essential: The dog that barked at me chased its tail.
• Non-essential: Lucky, who is my best friend, likes to play tennis.

In the essential relative clause, "that barked at me" is necessary to identify which dog is being referred to. In the non-essential relative clause, "who is my best friend" provides additional information about Lucky but is not essential for identifying her.

Relative clauses are commonly used in both spoken and written English to add descriptive details and provide more precise information in sentences.

Types of Relative Clauses:

There are two main kinds of relative clauses: restrictive (defining) relative clauses and non-restrictive (non-defining) relative clauses. Let's explore each type:

1. Defining Relative Clauses:

• Also known as restrictive relative clauses.
• Provide essential information to identify or define the noun or pronoun they modify.
• Usually not separated by commas.

Examples:

·        The car that I bought last week is blue.

·        The book that is on the table belongs to me.

2. Non-Defining Relative Clauses:

• Also known as non-restrictive relative clauses.
• Provide additional, non-essential information about the noun or pronoun they modify.
• Separated by commas (or parentheses or dashes) from the main clause.

Examples:

·        My sister, who lives in London, is coming to visit.

·        John's laptop, which he uses for work, is quite expensive.

It's important to note that non-restrictive relative clauses add extra details but do not limit the meaning of the main clause. In contrast, restrictive relative clauses are essential for identifying or defining the noun or pronoun they modify.

In addition to these two main kinds, relative clauses can also be categorized based on the type of relative pronoun or relative adverb used to introduce them. Here are some examples:

Relative Pronouns:

• Who: refers to people.
• Whom: also refers to people but is used in formal contexts.
• Which: refers to things or animals.
• Whose: shows possession.
• That: refers to people, things, or animals (can be used interchangeably with "who" or "which" in restrictive clauses).

Relative Adverbs:

• When: refers to a specific time.
• Where: refers to a specific place.
• Why: refers to a reason or cause.

Examples:

• The girl who is standing over there is my sister.
• This is the book which I was talking about.
• The house where they used to live is now abandoned.
• That is the reason why she resigned from her job.

How to combine two statements into one using defining relative clause:

To combine two statements into one using a defining relative clause, you can use the relative pronouns "who," "whom," "whose," "which," or "that" along with a verb in the relative clause. Here's an example:

Statement 1: The book is on the table.

Statement 2: I am reading it.

Combined using a defining relative clause: The book that I am reading is on the table.

In this example, the relative pronoun "that" introduces the defining relative clause "that I am reading," which specifies and identifies the book being referred to in the main clause.

Defining relative clauses are used to provide essential information that identifies or specifies the noun being referred to. They are not set off by commas and cannot be removed from the sentence without altering its meaning or leaving it incomplete.

How to combine two statements into one using non-defining relative clause:

To combine two statements into one using a non-defining relative clause, you can use the relative pronouns "who," "whom," "whose," "which," or "that" along with a verb in the relative clause. Here's an example:

Statement 1: John, my neighbor, is a doctor. Statement 2: He works at the hospital.

Combined using a non-defining relative clause: John, who works at the hospital, is a doctor.

In this example, the relative pronoun "who" introduces the non-defining relative clause "who works at the hospital," which provides additional information about the noun "John" in the main clause.

Non-defining relative clauses are used to provide additional information about a noun without changing the essential meaning of the sentence. They are set off by commas and can be removed from the sentence without altering its core meaning.

Exercise: Combine the two sentences into one using relative clause.

Q. I read a book. The book was written by J.K. Rowling.

A. The book that I read was written by J.K. Rowling.

1. I visited a city. The city was known for its historical landmarks.
2. She adopted a dog. The dog was abandoned on the street.
3. We attended a concert. The concert was held in a beautiful theatre.
4. He bought a house. The house had a spacious backyard.
5. They tried a new restaurant. The restaurant had excellent reviews.
6. She received a gift. The gift was wrapped in colourful paper.
7. We met a person. The person had travelled around the world.
8. He ate a dish. The dish was spicy and flavourful.
9. They saw a movie. The movie was directed by Christopher Nolan.
10. I read a book. The book had won several literary awards.
11. She wore a dress. The dress was designed by a famous fashion designer.
12. We bought a car. The car had low mileage.
13. He played a game. The game was challenging and addictive.
14. They found a treasure. The treasure was buried in the sand.
15. She listened to a song. The song had meaningful lyrics.
16. We visited a museum. The museum displayed ancient objects.
17. He wrote a letter. The letter was addressed to his best friend.
18. They tasted a dessert. The dessert was made with fresh fruits.
19. She joined a club. The club organized regular social events.
20. We saw a performance. The performance received standing ovation.
21. The concert was held in a large stadium. It attracted a crowd of thousands.
22. The book received rave reviews from critics. It has become a bestseller.
23. The city has a rich cultural heritage. It offers a variety of cultural festivals.
24. The painting depicts a beautiful landscape. It captures the essence of nature.
25. The cake is decorated with intricate designs. It tastes delicious.
26. The movie won multiple awards at film festivals. It received accolades for its direction and performances.
27. The mountain is covered in snow during winter. It offers breath-taking views.
28. The dress is made of luxurious silk fabric. It is designed by a renowned fashion designer.
29. The beach is a popular tourist destination. It boasts pristine white sands.
30. The sculpture is displayed in a public park. It is admired by art enthusiasts.
31. The restaurant offers a wide range of vegetarian options. It has a cozy and welcoming ambiance.
32. The novel is a New York Times bestseller. It has captivated readers worldwide.
33. The garden is filled with aromatic flowers. It provides a serene and tranquil environment.
34. The museum showcases historical artifacts. It provides insights into the past.
35. The smartphone has a high-resolution display. It offers advanced features.
36. The car is equipped with the latest technology. It ensures a smooth and comfortable ride.
37. The song topped the music charts for weeks. It has become a popular anthem.
38. The laptop has a long battery life. It is lightweight and portable.
39. The building is an architectural masterpiece. It stands tall in the city skyline.
40. The festival attracts thousands of visitors each year. It celebrates local traditions and cultures.

The Snake and the Mirror (meanings, antonyms, synonyms, comprehension questions and answers)

 The Snake and the Mirror 

(meanings, antonyms, synonyms, comprehension questions and answers)

THE SNAKE AND THE MIRROR

Glossary:

1. Coiled: Twisted or wound in a circular shape.
2. Full-blooded: strong.
3. Cobra: A venomous snake known for its hood and raised head.
4. Homeopath: A practitioner of alternative medicine called homeopathy.
5. Attentively: Paying close attention.
6. Kerosene: A flammable oil used as fuel.
7. Meagre: Small or insufficient in quantity.
8. Rented: Hired or leased for temporary use.
9. Dhotis: Traditional garments worn by men, usually a long loincloth.
10. Veranda: A roofed platform, often attached to a building and enclosed by railings.
11. Beedi: A type of thin cigarette filled with tobacco.
12. Materia Medica: A reference book containing information about medicinal substances.
13. Admire: To regard with respect or enjoy the beauty of something or someone.
14. Unwound: To release or undo something that was wound or coiled.
15. Slithered: Moved smoothly and silently like a snake.
16. Hood: The expanded, flattened part behind a snake's head.
17. Simultaneous: Happening at the same time.
18. Lurked: Hid or waited in a secret or hidden place.
19. Drain: To remove or take away gradually.
20. Reflection: The image seen in a mirror or shiny surface.
21. Silently: Without making any sound.
22. Smear: To spread or apply something in a messy or uneven way.
23. Fresh: Clean and new or recently made.
24. Companion: A person who accompanies or spends time with another.
25. Captivated: Fascinated or enchanted by something.
26. Fascinated: Very interested or intrigued by something.
27. Sense: A faculty or ability to perceive or understand.
28. Cleaned out: Completely emptied or cleared of contents.
29. Vest: A sleeveless garment typically worn under a shirt.

List of Synonyms:

1. Coiled - Twisted, wound
2. Familiar - Known, recognized
3. Meal - Dinner, food
4. Noise - Sound, racket
5. Opened - Unlocked, revealed
6. Room - Chamber, space
7. Possessed - Owned, had
8. Neat - Tidy, orderly
9. Rested - Supported, leaned
10. Regular - Routine, consistent
11. Traffic - Movement, activity
12. Tempted - Enticed, allured
13. Admire - Appreciate, esteem
14. Earth-shaking - Significant, impactful
15. Dangerous - Perilous, risky
16. Pain - Ache, discomfort
17. Crushed - Squeezed, compressed
18. Weak - Feeble, frail
19. Slightest - Smallest, tiniest
20. Stole - Robbed, took

List of Antonyms:

1. Coiled - Uncoiled, straightened
2. Familiar - Unfamiliar, unknown
3. Meal - Hungry, appetite
4. Noise - Silence, quiet
5. Opened - Closed, shut
6. Room - Outside, space
7. Possessed - Lacked, didn't have
8. Neat - Messy, untidy
9. Rested - Removed, detached
10. Regular - Irregular, inconsistent
11. Traffic - Stillness, calm
12. Tempted - Resisted, refrained
13. Admire - Dislike, criticize
14. Earth-shaking - Insignificant, unimportant
15. Dangerous - Safe, secure
16. Pain - Comfort, relief
17. Crushed - Released, freed
18. Weak - Strong, powerful
19. Slightest - Greatest, significant
20. Stole - Returned, gave back

Comprehension Questions and Answers:

1. Q: What time did the doctor return to his room?

Ans: The doctor returned to his room at around ten o'clock.

2. Q: Why did the doctor light the kerosene lamp on the table?

Ans: The doctor lit the kerosene lamp on the table because the house was not electrified.

3. Q: How much money did the doctor have in his suitcase?

Ans: The doctor had about sixty rupees in his suitcase.

4. Q: Why did the doctor decide to shave daily and grow a thin moustache?

Ans: The doctor wanted to look more handsome and make his presence felt.

5. Q: How did the doctor feel when the snake coiled around his left arm?

Ans: The doctor felt fear and pain when the snake coiled around his left arm.

6. Q: What did the doctor imagine writing outside his heart in bright letters?

Ans: The doctor imagined writing the words 'O God!' outside his heart.

7. Q: What prevented the doctor from making sudden movements when the snake was near his face?

Ans: The fear of being struck by the snake prevented the doctor from making sudden movements.

8. Q: How did the doctor feel when he saw the snake looking at its reflection in the mirror?

Ans: The doctor felt relieved and hopeful when he saw the snake looking at its reflection.

9. Q: Where did the doctor run to escape from the snake?

Ans: The doctor ran to a friend's house to seek safety from the snake.

10. Q: What did the doctor find in his room the next morning?

Ans: The doctor found that most of his belongings had been stolen by a thief.

11. Q: How did the doctor feel when he realized his belongings were stolen?

Ans: The doctor might have felt disappointed and frustrated when he realized his belongings were stolen.

12. Q: Why did the thief leave behind the doctor's dirty vest?

Ans: The thief might have considered the dirty vest as not worth stealing.

13. Q: Did the doctor see the snake again after the incident?

Ans: No, the doctor never saw the snake again after the incident.

14. Q: What did the doctor's life companion look like?

Ans: The doctor's life companion was described as a thin reedy person.

15. Q: How did the doctor's life companion possess the gift of a sprinter?

Ans: The doctor's life companion possessed the gift of a sprinter in terms of speed and agility.

16. Q: Did the snake follow the doctor when he ran away?

Ans: No, the snake did not follow the doctor when he ran away.

17. Q: What did the doctor do to ensure his safety after escaping from the snake?

Ans: The doctor smeared oil all over himself, took a bath, and changed into fresh clothes.

18. Q: Why did the doctor take his friend and others to his room the next morning?

Ans: The doctor took his friend and others to his room to move his remaining belongings.

19. Q: How did the doctor feel about the thief's sense of cleanliness?

Ans: The doctor found the thief's sense of cleanliness ironic, as the thief left behind his dirty vest.

20. Q: Did the doctor encounter the snake again during the move?

Ans: No, the doctor did not encounter the snake again during the move.

21. Q: Did the doctor ever find out the snake's gender?

Ans: No, the doctor never found out the snake's gender.

22. Q: What did the doctor think the snake was doing when it looked into the mirror?

Ans: The doctor wondered if the snake was admiring its own beauty or making important decisions about its appearance.

23. Q: How did the doctor react when he saw the snake looking into the mirror?

Ans: The doctor felt a sense of relief and hope when he saw the snake looking into the mirror.

24. Q: What did the doctor do when the snake moved from his arm to his lap?

Ans: The doctor took the opportunity to quietly and cautiously leave the chair.

25. Q: How did the doctor feel when the snake unwound from his arm?

Ans: The doctor might have felt a mixture of fear and relief when the snake unwound from his arm.

26. Q: Why did the doctor run to a friend's house instead of staying in his room?

Ans: The doctor ran to a friend's house to seek safety and distance from the snake.

27. Q: How did the doctor feel after taking a bath and changing into fresh clothes?

Ans: The doctor might have felt refreshed and more comfortable after taking a bath and changing clothes.

28. Q: What did the doctor's room look like when he returned the next morning?

Ans: The doctor's room was mostly empty, as most of his belongings had been stolen.

29. Q: Did the doctor ever find out who stole his belongings?

Ans: No, it is not mentioned in the story if the doctor found out who stole his belongings.

30. Q: Did the doctor ever encounter the snake again after the incident?

Ans: No, the doctor never encountered the snake again after the incident.

31. Q: How do you think the doctor felt when he heard the familiar sound of rats in his room?

Ans: The doctor might have felt annoyed or accustomed to the presence of rats in his room.

32. Q: If you were the doctor, how would you react when the snake landed on your shoulder?

Ans: If I were the doctor, I would likely freeze in fear and try to remain as still as possible.

33. Q: How do you think the doctor's life would have been different if he had married a woman with plenty of money and a good medical practice?

Ans: The doctor's life might have been more financially stable and comfortable if he had married a wealthy and successful woman doctor.

34. Q: If you were the snake, what would you have done when you saw your reflection in the mirror?

Ans: If I were the snake, I might have been intrigued or confused by the reflection and tried to further explore it.

35. Q: How do you think the doctor's life would have changed if he had successfully escaped with all his belongings?

Ans: The doctor's life might have continued with fewer disruptions and inconveniences, allowing him to focus more on his medical practice.

36. Q: If you were the thief, would you have taken the doctor's dirty vest or left it behind?

Ans: If I were the thief, I would have most likely left the dirty vest behind as it had little value or use.

37. Q: How do you think the doctor felt when he realized that his room had been cleaned out by the thief?

Ans: The doctor might have felt shocked, violated, and frustrated upon discovering that most of his belongings were stolen.

38. Q: If you were the doctor, would you have felt safer staying in the room or running away from the snake?

Ans: If I were the doctor, I would have felt safer running away from the snake to seek help and distance myself from the danger.

39. Q: How do you think the doctor's perception of snakes might have changed after this incident?

Ans: The doctor might have developed a deeper fear or wariness of snakes and become more cautious in his encounters with them.

40. Q: If you were the doctor, what precautions would you have taken to prevent a snake from entering your room?

Ans: If I were the doctor, I would have sealed any openings or cracks in the room, kept it clean and clutter-free, and possibly used snake repellents as a preventive measure.

 

 The Snake and the Mirror 

(meanings, antonyms, synonyms, comprehension questions and answers)

THE SNAKE AND THE MIRROR

Glossary:

1. Coiled: Twisted or wound in a circular shape.
2. Full-blooded: strong.
3. Cobra: A venomous snake known for its hood and raised head.
4. Homeopath: A practitioner of alternative medicine called homeopathy.
5. Attentively: Paying close attention.
6. Kerosene: A flammable oil used as fuel.
7. Meagre: Small or insufficient in quantity.
8. Rented: Hired or leased for temporary use.
9. Dhotis: Traditional garments worn by men, usually a long loincloth.
10. Veranda: A roofed platform, often attached to a building and enclosed by railings.
11. Beedi: A type of thin cigarette filled with tobacco.
12. Materia Medica: A reference book containing information about medicinal substances.
13. Admire: To regard with respect or enjoy the beauty of something or someone.
14. Unwound: To release or undo something that was wound or coiled.
15. Slithered: Moved smoothly and silently like a snake.
16. Hood: The expanded, flattened part behind a snake's head.
17. Simultaneous: Happening at the same time.
18. Lurked: Hid or waited in a secret or hidden place.
19. Drain: To remove or take away gradually.
20. Reflection: The image seen in a mirror or shiny surface.
21. Silently: Without making any sound.
22. Smear: To spread or apply something in a messy or uneven way.
23. Fresh: Clean and new or recently made.
24. Companion: A person who accompanies or spends time with another.
25. Captivated: Fascinated or enchanted by something.
26. Fascinated: Very interested or intrigued by something.
27. Sense: A faculty or ability to perceive or understand.
28. Cleaned out: Completely emptied or cleared of contents.
29. Vest: A sleeveless garment typically worn under a shirt.

List of Synonyms:

1. Coiled - Twisted, wound
2. Familiar - Known, recognized
3. Meal - Dinner, food
4. Noise - Sound, racket
5. Opened - Unlocked, revealed
6. Room - Chamber, space
7. Possessed - Owned, had
8. Neat - Tidy, orderly
9. Rested - Supported, leaned
10. Regular - Routine, consistent
11. Traffic - Movement, activity
12. Tempted - Enticed, allured
13. Admire - Appreciate, esteem
14. Earth-shaking - Significant, impactful
15. Dangerous - Perilous, risky
16. Pain - Ache, discomfort
17. Crushed - Squeezed, compressed
18. Weak - Feeble, frail
19. Slightest - Smallest, tiniest
20. Stole - Robbed, took

List of Antonyms:

1. Coiled - Uncoiled, straightened
2. Familiar - Unfamiliar, unknown
3. Meal - Hungry, appetite
4. Noise - Silence, quiet
5. Opened - Closed, shut
6. Room - Outside, space
7. Possessed - Lacked, didn't have
8. Neat - Messy, untidy
9. Rested - Removed, detached
10. Regular - Irregular, inconsistent
11. Traffic - Stillness, calm
12. Tempted - Resisted, refrained
13. Admire - Dislike, criticize
14. Earth-shaking - Insignificant, unimportant
15. Dangerous - Safe, secure
16. Pain - Comfort, relief
17. Crushed - Released, freed
18. Weak - Strong, powerful
19. Slightest - Greatest, significant
20. Stole - Returned, gave back

Comprehension Questions and Answers:

1. Q: What time did the doctor return to his room?

Ans: The doctor returned to his room at around ten o'clock.

2. Q: Why did the doctor light the kerosene lamp on the table?

Ans: The doctor lit the kerosene lamp on the table because the house was not electrified.

3. Q: How much money did the doctor have in his suitcase?

Ans: The doctor had about sixty rupees in his suitcase.

4. Q: Why did the doctor decide to shave daily and grow a thin moustache?

Ans: The doctor wanted to look more handsome and make his presence felt.

5. Q: How did the doctor feel when the snake coiled around his left arm?

Ans: The doctor felt fear and pain when the snake coiled around his left arm.

6. Q: What did the doctor imagine writing outside his heart in bright letters?

Ans: The doctor imagined writing the words 'O God!' outside his heart.

7. Q: What prevented the doctor from making sudden movements when the snake was near his face?

Ans: The fear of being struck by the snake prevented the doctor from making sudden movements.

8. Q: How did the doctor feel when he saw the snake looking at its reflection in the mirror?

Ans: The doctor felt relieved and hopeful when he saw the snake looking at its reflection.

9. Q: Where did the doctor run to escape from the snake?

Ans: The doctor ran to a friend's house to seek safety from the snake.

10. Q: What did the doctor find in his room the next morning?

Ans: The doctor found that most of his belongings had been stolen by a thief.

11. Q: How did the doctor feel when he realized his belongings were stolen?

Ans: The doctor might have felt disappointed and frustrated when he realized his belongings were stolen.

12. Q: Why did the thief leave behind the doctor's dirty vest?

Ans: The thief might have considered the dirty vest as not worth stealing.

13. Q: Did the doctor see the snake again after the incident?

Ans: No, the doctor never saw the snake again after the incident.

14. Q: What did the doctor's life companion look like?

Ans: The doctor's life companion was described as a thin reedy person.

15. Q: How did the doctor's life companion possess the gift of a sprinter?

Ans: The doctor's life companion possessed the gift of a sprinter in terms of speed and agility.

16. Q: Did the snake follow the doctor when he ran away?

Ans: No, the snake did not follow the doctor when he ran away.

17. Q: What did the doctor do to ensure his safety after escaping from the snake?

Ans: The doctor smeared oil all over himself, took a bath, and changed into fresh clothes.

18. Q: Why did the doctor take his friend and others to his room the next morning?

Ans: The doctor took his friend and others to his room to move his remaining belongings.

19. Q: How did the doctor feel about the thief's sense of cleanliness?

Ans: The doctor found the thief's sense of cleanliness ironic, as the thief left behind his dirty vest.

20. Q: Did the doctor encounter the snake again during the move?

Ans: No, the doctor did not encounter the snake again during the move.

21. Q: Did the doctor ever find out the snake's gender?

Ans: No, the doctor never found out the snake's gender.

22. Q: What did the doctor think the snake was doing when it looked into the mirror?

Ans: The doctor wondered if the snake was admiring its own beauty or making important decisions about its appearance.

23. Q: How did the doctor react when he saw the snake looking into the mirror?

Ans: The doctor felt a sense of relief and hope when he saw the snake looking into the mirror.

24. Q: What did the doctor do when the snake moved from his arm to his lap?

Ans: The doctor took the opportunity to quietly and cautiously leave the chair.

25. Q: How did the doctor feel when the snake unwound from his arm?

Ans: The doctor might have felt a mixture of fear and relief when the snake unwound from his arm.

26. Q: Why did the doctor run to a friend's house instead of staying in his room?

Ans: The doctor ran to a friend's house to seek safety and distance from the snake.

27. Q: How did the doctor feel after taking a bath and changing into fresh clothes?

Ans: The doctor might have felt refreshed and more comfortable after taking a bath and changing clothes.

28. Q: What did the doctor's room look like when he returned the next morning?

Ans: The doctor's room was mostly empty, as most of his belongings had been stolen.

29. Q: Did the doctor ever find out who stole his belongings?

Ans: No, it is not mentioned in the story if the doctor found out who stole his belongings.

30. Q: Did the doctor ever encounter the snake again after the incident?

Ans: No, the doctor never encountered the snake again after the incident.

31. Q: How do you think the doctor felt when he heard the familiar sound of rats in his room?

Ans: The doctor might have felt annoyed or accustomed to the presence of rats in his room.

32. Q: If you were the doctor, how would you react when the snake landed on your shoulder?

Ans: If I were the doctor, I would likely freeze in fear and try to remain as still as possible.

33. Q: How do you think the doctor's life would have been different if he had married a woman with plenty of money and a good medical practice?

Ans: The doctor's life might have been more financially stable and comfortable if he had married a wealthy and successful woman doctor.

34. Q: If you were the snake, what would you have done when you saw your reflection in the mirror?

Ans: If I were the snake, I might have been intrigued or confused by the reflection and tried to further explore it.

35. Q: How do you think the doctor's life would have changed if he had successfully escaped with all his belongings?

Ans: The doctor's life might have continued with fewer disruptions and inconveniences, allowing him to focus more on his medical practice.

36. Q: If you were the thief, would you have taken the doctor's dirty vest or left it behind?

Ans: If I were the thief, I would have most likely left the dirty vest behind as it had little value or use.

37. Q: How do you think the doctor felt when he realized that his room had been cleaned out by the thief?

Ans: The doctor might have felt shocked, violated, and frustrated upon discovering that most of his belongings were stolen.

38. Q: If you were the doctor, would you have felt safer staying in the room or running away from the snake?

Ans: If I were the doctor, I would have felt safer running away from the snake to seek help and distance myself from the danger.

39. Q: How do you think the doctor's perception of snakes might have changed after this incident?

Ans: The doctor might have developed a deeper fear or wariness of snakes and become more cautious in his encounters with them.

40. Q: If you were the doctor, what precautions would you have taken to prevent a snake from entering your room?

Ans: If I were the doctor, I would have sealed any openings or cracks in the room, kept it clean and clutter-free, and possibly used snake repellents as a preventive measure.

 

PUNCTUATION MARKS !?,.-/

PUNCTUATION MARKS !?,.-/

    Punctuation is a set of marks and symbols used in writing to clarify meaning, indicate pauses, and organize text. It plays a crucial role in conveying the intended message and ensuring clear communication. Here's a complete guide to punctuation:

1. Period (.)

   • The period is used to indicate the end of a sentence that makes a complete thought.
   • Example: "I went for a walk."

2. Question Mark (?)

   • The question mark is used at the end of a sentence that asks a direct question.
   • Example: "What is your name?"

3. Exclamation Mark (!)

   • The exclamation mark is used at the end of a sentence to express strong emotion, surprise, or emphasis.
   • Example: "What a beautiful day!"

4. Comma (,)

   • The comma is used for several purposes: a) To separate items in a series or list.
     • Example: "I bought apples, bananas, and oranges." b) To separate independent clauses in a compound sentence.
     • Example: "She loves to dance, and he enjoys playing the piano." c) To set off introductory words, phrases, or clauses.
     • Example: "In my opinion, the movie was excellent." d) To separate coordinate adjectives.
     • Example: "She has a tall, handsome husband."

5. Semicolon (;)

   • The semicolon is used to join two closely related independent clauses without a coordinating conjunction.
   • Example: "I have a meeting at 9 a.m.; I need to prepare the presentation."

6. Colon (:)

   • The colon has several uses: a) To introduce a list or example.
     • Example: "The ingredients for the cake are: flour, sugar, eggs, and butter." b) To introduce a quotation or dialogue.
     • Example: He said: "I'll be there in five minutes."

7. Quotation Marks (" ")

   • Quotation marks are used to indicate direct speech, dialogue, or to enclose a quotation.
   • Example: She said, "I love reading."

8. Apostrophe (')

   • The apostrophe has two primary uses: a) To indicate possession or ownership.
     • Example: "The dog's collar" (belonging to the dog). b) To indicate contractions (omission of letters).
     • Example: "It's a beautiful day" (contraction of "It is").

9. Parentheses ( )

   • Parentheses are used to enclose additional or explanatory information within a sentence.
   • Example: "The event (scheduled for next week) has been postponed."

10. Dash (— or -)

    • The dash is used to indicate a sudden change in thought, an interruption, or to emphasize a phrase.
    • Example: "She was about to speak—then hesitated."

11. Ellipsis (...)

    • An ellipsis is used to indicate the omission of words, trailing off, or a pause in thought.
    • Example: "I wonder... what will happen next?"

12. Hyphen (-)

    • The hyphen is used for various purposes: a) To join compound words or phrases.
      • Example: "well-known," "high-speed train." b) To divide words at the end of a line (in typesetting). c) To indicate a range of numbers or dates.
      • Example: "pages 10-15," "June 1-5."

Remember, proper punctuation enhances clarity, readability, and understanding in writing. It is essential to use punctuation marks correctly to convey your intended meaning accurately.

PUNCTUATION MARKS !?,.-/

    Punctuation is a set of marks and symbols used in writing to clarify meaning, indicate pauses, and organize text. It plays a crucial role in conveying the intended message and ensuring clear communication. Here's a complete guide to punctuation:

1. Period (.)

   • The period is used to indicate the end of a sentence that makes a complete thought.
   • Example: "I went for a walk."

2. Question Mark (?)

   • The question mark is used at the end of a sentence that asks a direct question.
   • Example: "What is your name?"

3. Exclamation Mark (!)

   • The exclamation mark is used at the end of a sentence to express strong emotion, surprise, or emphasis.
   • Example: "What a beautiful day!"

4. Comma (,)

   • The comma is used for several purposes: a) To separate items in a series or list.
     • Example: "I bought apples, bananas, and oranges." b) To separate independent clauses in a compound sentence.
     • Example: "She loves to dance, and he enjoys playing the piano." c) To set off introductory words, phrases, or clauses.
     • Example: "In my opinion, the movie was excellent." d) To separate coordinate adjectives.
     • Example: "She has a tall, handsome husband."

5. Semicolon (;)

   • The semicolon is used to join two closely related independent clauses without a coordinating conjunction.
   • Example: "I have a meeting at 9 a.m.; I need to prepare the presentation."

6. Colon (:)

   • The colon has several uses: a) To introduce a list or example.
     • Example: "The ingredients for the cake are: flour, sugar, eggs, and butter." b) To introduce a quotation or dialogue.
     • Example: He said: "I'll be there in five minutes."

7. Quotation Marks (" ")

   • Quotation marks are used to indicate direct speech, dialogue, or to enclose a quotation.
   • Example: She said, "I love reading."

8. Apostrophe (')

   • The apostrophe has two primary uses: a) To indicate possession or ownership.
     • Example: "The dog's collar" (belonging to the dog). b) To indicate contractions (omission of letters).
     • Example: "It's a beautiful day" (contraction of "It is").

9. Parentheses ( )

   • Parentheses are used to enclose additional or explanatory information within a sentence.
   • Example: "The event (scheduled for next week) has been postponed."

10. Dash (— or -)

    • The dash is used to indicate a sudden change in thought, an interruption, or to emphasize a phrase.
    • Example: "She was about to speak—then hesitated."

11. Ellipsis (...)

    • An ellipsis is used to indicate the omission of words, trailing off, or a pause in thought.
    • Example: "I wonder... what will happen next?"

12. Hyphen (-)

    • The hyphen is used for various purposes: a) To join compound words or phrases.
      • Example: "well-known," "high-speed train." b) To divide words at the end of a line (in typesetting). c) To indicate a range of numbers or dates.
      • Example: "pages 10-15," "June 1-5."

Remember, proper punctuation enhances clarity, readability, and understanding in writing. It is essential to use punctuation marks correctly to convey your intended meaning accurately.