The English language contains an enormous and ever-growing number of words. Enhancing your vocabulary by learning new words can seem overwhelming, but if you know the common prefixes and suffixes of English, you will understand many more words.
Mastering common prefixes and suffixes is like learning a code. Once you crack the code, you can not only spell words more correctly but also recognize and perhaps even define unfamiliar words.
Prefixes
A prefix is a word part added to the beginning of a word to create a new meaning. Study the common prefixes in the table of “Common Prefixes”.
Prefix
Meaning
Example
dis
not, opposite of
dis + satisfied = dissatisfied
mis
wrongly
mis + spell = misspell
un
not
un + acceptable = unacceptable
re
again
re + election = reelection
inter
between
inter + related = interrelated
pre
before
pre + pay = prepay
non
not
non + sense = nonsense
super
above
super + script = superscript
sub
under
sub + merge = submerge
anti
against, opposing
anti + bacterial = antibacterial
Suffixes
A suffix is a word part added to the end of a word to create a new meaning. Study the suffix rules in the following boxes.
Rule 1
When adding the suffixes –ness and –ly to a word, the spelling of the word does not change.
Examples:
dark + ness = darkness
scholar + ly = scholarly
Exceptions to Rule 1
When the word ends in y, change the y to i before adding –ness and –ly.
Examples:
ready + ly = readily
happy + ness = happiness
Rule 2
When the suffix begins with a vowel, drop the silent e in the root word.
Examples:
care + ing = caring
use + able = usable
Exceptions to Rule 2
When the word ends in ce or ge, keep the silent e if the suffix begins with a or o.
Examples:
replace + able = replaceable
courage + ous = courageous
Rule 3
When the suffix begins with a consonant, keep the silent e in the original word.
Examples:
care + ful = careful
care + less = careless
Exceptions to Rule 3
Examples:
true + ly = truly
argue + ment = argument
Rule 4
When the word ends in a consonant plus y, change the y to i before any suffix not beginning with i.
Examples:
sunny + er = sunnier
hurry + ing = hurrying
Rule 5
When the suffix begins with a vowel, double the final consonant only if (1) the word has only one syllable or is accented on the last syllable and (2) the word ends in a single vowel followed by a single consonant.
Examples:
tan + ing = tanning (one syllable word)
regret + ing = regretting (The accent is on the last syllable; the word ends in a single vowel followed by a single consonant.)
cancel + ed = canceled (The accent is not on the last syllable.)
prefer + ed = preferred
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Prefixes and Suffixes
The English language contains an enormous and ever-growing number of words. Enhancing your vocabulary by learning new words can seem overwhelming, but if you know the common prefixes and suffixes of English, you will understand many more words.
Mastering common prefixes and suffixes is like learning a code. Once you crack the code, you can not only spell words more correctly but also recognize and perhaps even define unfamiliar words.
Prefixes
A prefix is a word part added to the beginning of a word to create a new meaning. Study the common prefixes in the table of “Common Prefixes”.
Prefix
Meaning
Example
dis
not, opposite of
dis + satisfied = dissatisfied
mis
wrongly
mis + spell = misspell
un
not
un + acceptable = unacceptable
re
again
re + election = reelection
inter
between
inter + related = interrelated
pre
before
pre + pay = prepay
non
not
non + sense = nonsense
super
above
super + script = superscript
sub
under
sub + merge = submerge
anti
against, opposing
anti + bacterial = antibacterial
Suffixes
A suffix is a word part added to the end of a word to create a new meaning. Study the suffix rules in the following boxes.
Rule 1
When adding the suffixes –ness and –ly to a word, the spelling of the word does not change.
Examples:
dark + ness = darkness
scholar + ly = scholarly
Exceptions to Rule 1
When the word ends in y, change the y to i before adding –ness and –ly.
Examples:
ready + ly = readily
happy + ness = happiness
Rule 2
When the suffix begins with a vowel, drop the silent e in the root word.
Examples:
care + ing = caring
use + able = usable
Exceptions to Rule 2
When the word ends in ce or ge, keep the silent e if the suffix begins with a or o.
Examples:
replace + able = replaceable
courage + ous = courageous
Rule 3
When the suffix begins with a consonant, keep the silent e in the original word.
Examples:
care + ful = careful
care + less = careless
Exceptions to Rule 3
Examples:
true + ly = truly
argue + ment = argument
Rule 4
When the word ends in a consonant plus y, change the y to i before any suffix not beginning with i.
Examples:
sunny + er = sunnier
hurry + ing = hurrying
Rule 5
When the suffix begins with a vowel, double the final consonant only if (1) the word has only one syllable or is accented on the last syllable and (2) the word ends in a single vowel followed by a single consonant.
Examples:
tan + ing = tanning (one syllable word)
regret + ing = regretting (The accent is on the last syllable; the word ends in a single vowel followed by a single consonant.)
cancel + ed = canceled (The accent is not on the last syllable.)
Possible comprehension questions and answers for note making
1. What do Murthy’s seniors ask him to do?
When the seniors get doubt in Mathematics or Physics, they ask Murthy to help them in solving the problems. This shows us that Murthy is a brilliant child.
2. He could have gone unnoticed in a crowd. Why?
As Murthy was short in size among his classmates, he could have gone unnoticed in a crowd.
3. There was a spark in his eyes. When and why?
When somebody asked Murthy some doubt in Mathematics or Physics, there was a spark in his eyes. He was very much interested in Math and Physics.
4. How fast could he grasp the theories of science?
It is said that Murthy could grasp the theories of science faster than the speed of the light. It indicates that he could take no time to understand the subject matters.
5. He prepared for an entrance test. What was it?
Murthy along with his friends prepared for an entrance test for IIT. He would love to study in an IIT and pursue his degree.
6. What is the ultimate aim of a bright student?
According to the passage given the ultimate aim of a bright student is to study in an IIT. But there may be some other aims too for children to fulfil their dreams.
7. Expand IIT and IT.
IIT stands for Indian Institute of Technology and IT stands for Information Technology.
8. If your father rejects you to join in a college you like after your 10th class, what will you do?
My father never reject my wished to fulfil. Even though he rejects I definitely understand the reality and obey him.
9. Narayana Murthy is a bright student. Do you agree? Find some
supporting statements from the passage.
Yes, I do agree with the statement. Many evidences are there in the text to support this statement. For example ... His seniors would ask him to solve their problems in Maths or Physics. Without any coaching and sophisticated material he had gotten the better rank in IIT entrance test. He had become the guide for his friends in preparation.
10. What kind of a student are you? What’s your ultimate aim?
Write your own answer....
11. Is it really difficult for his father to send Murthy to IIT? Why?
Yes, it's really difficult for his father to send Murthy to IIT. Because he was a salaried person and had many children to be educated and married off.
12. He had to tell the bitter truth to his son. Who was the father?
Who was the son? What was the truth?
They are Murthy and his father. The truth is that his father couldn't bear the expenses for Murthy's education at IIT.
13. His heart sank in sorrow. Whose heart sank in sorrow? Why?
When Murthy's father expressed his helplessness to send him to IIT, Murthy's heart sank in sorrow. Because he dreamed of studying at IIT.
14. Are you an introvert or an extravert? How do you say?
Write your own answer ...
15. He did not reply his father. Why?
Murthy didn't reply his father because he had understood the reality and he was an introvert in nature.
16. Why did Murthy go to railway station?
Murthy went to railway station to send off his friends who were leaving for Madras for their education at IIT Madras.
17. Who is a philanthropist?
A philanthropista person who seeks to promote the welfare of others, especially by the generous donation of money to good causes.
18. What do you learn from Murthy’s life?
Write your own answer ....
19. ‘Your best friend is yourself and your worst enemy is yourself.’
How?
It is a quotation taken from Geetha. That means when you think of good and involved in good deeds they will produce good results and become your best friends. When you think of bad and involved in bad deeds they will produced bad results and become your worst enemies. That is your attitude is yourself.
20. What do you think the reason behind Murthy’s success despite
facing difficulties?
Despite having some difficulties Murthy excelled in his life. He had believed in hard work, simplicity, uncompromised quality and sincerity. His personal qualities made him success for his dedication, discipline and determination.
If you find the meanings of the answers difficult what the video lessons in Telugu explanation here by clicking the links given below 👇👇👇
I WILL DO IT
Possible comprehension questions and answers for note making
1. What do Murthy’s seniors ask him to do?
When the seniors get doubt in Mathematics or Physics, they ask Murthy to help them in solving the problems. This shows us that Murthy is a brilliant child.
2. He could have gone unnoticed in a crowd. Why?
As Murthy was short in size among his classmates, he could have gone unnoticed in a crowd.
3. There was a spark in his eyes. When and why?
When somebody asked Murthy some doubt in Mathematics or Physics, there was a spark in his eyes. He was very much interested in Math and Physics.
4. How fast could he grasp the theories of science?
It is said that Murthy could grasp the theories of science faster than the speed of the light. It indicates that he could take no time to understand the subject matters.
5. He prepared for an entrance test. What was it?
Murthy along with his friends prepared for an entrance test for IIT. He would love to study in an IIT and pursue his degree.
6. What is the ultimate aim of a bright student?
According to the passage given the ultimate aim of a bright student is to study in an IIT. But there may be some other aims too for children to fulfil their dreams.
7. Expand IIT and IT.
IIT stands for Indian Institute of Technology and IT stands for Information Technology.
8. If your father rejects you to join in a college you like after your 10th class, what will you do?
My father never reject my wished to fulfil. Even though he rejects I definitely understand the reality and obey him.
9. Narayana Murthy is a bright student. Do you agree? Find some
supporting statements from the passage.
Yes, I do agree with the statement. Many evidences are there in the text to support this statement. For example ... His seniors would ask him to solve their problems in Maths or Physics. Without any coaching and sophisticated material he had gotten the better rank in IIT entrance test. He had become the guide for his friends in preparation.
10. What kind of a student are you? What’s your ultimate aim?
Write your own answer....
11. Is it really difficult for his father to send Murthy to IIT? Why?
Yes, it's really difficult for his father to send Murthy to IIT. Because he was a salaried person and had many children to be educated and married off.
12. He had to tell the bitter truth to his son. Who was the father?
Who was the son? What was the truth?
They are Murthy and his father. The truth is that his father couldn't bear the expenses for Murthy's education at IIT.
13. His heart sank in sorrow. Whose heart sank in sorrow? Why?
When Murthy's father expressed his helplessness to send him to IIT, Murthy's heart sank in sorrow. Because he dreamed of studying at IIT.
14. Are you an introvert or an extravert? How do you say?
Write your own answer ...
15. He did not reply his father. Why?
Murthy didn't reply his father because he had understood the reality and he was an introvert in nature.
16. Why did Murthy go to railway station?
Murthy went to railway station to send off his friends who were leaving for Madras for their education at IIT Madras.
17. Who is a philanthropist?
A philanthropista person who seeks to promote the welfare of others, especially by the generous donation of money to good causes.
18. What do you learn from Murthy’s life?
Write your own answer ....
19. ‘Your best friend is yourself and your worst enemy is yourself.’
How?
It is a quotation taken from Geetha. That means when you think of good and involved in good deeds they will produce good results and become your best friends. When you think of bad and involved in bad deeds they will produced bad results and become your worst enemies. That is your attitude is yourself.
20. What do you think the reason behind Murthy’s success despite
facing difficulties?
Despite having some difficulties Murthy excelled in his life. He had believed in hard work, simplicity, uncompromised quality and sincerity. His personal qualities made him success for his dedication, discipline and determination.
If you find the meanings of the answers difficult what the video lessons in Telugu explanation here by clicking the links given below 👇👇👇
SIET Bridge Course || L4 (X) || ENGLISH -News Report, Diary Entry & Invitation || 12.07.21 and 14.07.2021
Here is the video lessons on how to write a news report, diary entry and an invitation. Do watch the lessons before you do the worksheet. The questions may be answered perfectly by watching the video lessons. 👇👇👇👇👇
Now you can do the worksheet here👇👇👇👇
News Report - Diary Entry - Invitation
SIET Bridge Course || L4 (X) || ENGLISH -News Report, Diary Entry & Invitation || 12.07.21 and 14.07.2021
Here is the video lessons on how to write a news report, diary entry and an invitation. Do watch the lessons before you do the worksheet. The questions may be answered perfectly by watching the video lessons. 👇👇👇👇👇
09th and 13th .07.2021 Editing for 8th and 9th also useful for all other classes SIET Bridge Course | L3 (8th & 9th TM and EM)
Here is a video lesson that deals with the easy techniques to find the errors in a sentence. Watch the entire video lesson and answer the quiz that is provided below the video. You can get the results immediately after submitting the quiz. Just take a screen shot of your results and share it among your friends and teachers.
Watch the video here👇👇👇
Do this worksheet👇👇👇👇
09th and 13th .07.2021 Editing for 8th and 9th also useful for all other classes SIET Bridge Course | L3 (8th & 9th TM and EM)
Here is a video lesson that deals with the easy techniques to find the errors in a sentence. Watch the entire video lesson and answer the quiz that is provided below the video. You can get the results immediately after submitting the quiz. Just take a screen shot of your results and share it among your friends and teachers.
