Could have + past participle
This past modal verb is used
hypothetically, to talk about things that didn't really happen in the past. (à°¦ీà°¨ిà°¨ి à°—à°¤ంà°²ో జరగని పనుà°²
à°—ుà°°ింà°šి ఊహలను à°¤ెà°²ుà°ªుà°Ÿà°•ు ఉపయోà°—ిà°¸్à°¤ాà°®ు)
1.
Could
have + past participle: means that something was possible in the past, or you had the
ability to do something in the past, but that you didn't do it. (à°—à°¤ంà°²ో
à°’à°• పనిà°¨ి à°šేయగలిà°—ే అవకాà°¶ం à°µుంà°¦ి à°•ాà°¨ీ à°šేయలేà°¦ు à°…à°¨ే à°…à°°్à°¥ంà°²ో à°µాà°¡à°¤ాà°°ు.)
- I could have stayed up late, but I decided to go to bed early.
(à°¨ేà°¨ు
ఆలస్à°¯ం à°…à°¯్à°¯ేవరకు à°‰ంà°¡ే అవకాà°¶ం à°µుంà°¡ెà°¨ు à°•ాà°¨ీ à°¤ొందరగా à°¨ిà°¦్à°°à°ªోà°µాలని
à°¨ిà°°్ణయింà°šుà°•ుà°¨్à°¨ాà°¨ు.)
- They could have won the race, but they didn't try hard enough.
(à°µాà°³్à°²ు
à°—ెà°²ిà°šే అవకాà°¶ం à°µుంà°¡ెà°¨ు à°•ాà°¨ీ తగిà°¨ంతగా à°ª్రయత్à°¨ింà°šà°²ేà°¦ు.)
- Anil could have bought the book, but he borrowed it from his friend instead.
(Anil à°†
bookà°¨ి
à°•ొనగలిà°—ేà°µాà°¡ే à°•ాà°¨ీ అతని friend
à°¨ుంà°¡ి à°…à°°ుà°µు à°¤ెà°š్à°šుà°•ుà°¨్à°¨ాà°¡ు.)
- He could have studied harder, but he was too lazy and that's why he failed the exam.
(అతను
à°¬ాà°—ా చదవగలిà°—ేà°µాà°¡ే à°•ాà°¨ీ à°¸ోవరితనం వల్à°² fail
à°…à°¯్à°¯ాà°¡ు.)
2.
Couldn't
have + past participle: means that something wasn't possible in the past, even if
you had wanted to do it. (à°—à°¤ంà°¤ో à°’à°• పనిà°¨ి
à°šేà°¦్à°¦ామనుà°•ుà°¨్à°¨ా à°šేయలేà°•à°ªోà°¯ే పరిà°¸్à°¥ిà°¤ిà°¨ి à°¤ెà°²ుà°ªుà°Ÿà°•ు à°µాà°¡à°¤ాà°®ు.)
- I couldn't have arrived any earlier. There was a terrible traffic jam.
(à°¨ేà°¨ు
వద్à°¦ామనుà°•ుà°¨్à°¨ా terrible
traffic jam వల్à°² à°°ాà°²ేà°•à°ªోà°¯ేà°µాà°¨్à°¨ి.)
- He couldn't have passed the exam, even if he had studied harder. It's a really, really difficult exam.
(à°…à°¦ి
à°šాà°²ా à°•à° ినమైà°¨ పరీà°•్à°·, అతడు à°Žంà°¤ à°•à°·్టపడి à°šà°¦ిà°µిà°¨ా pass à°…à°¯్à°¯ేà°µాà°¡ు à°•ాà°¦ు.)
3.
We use could have + past participle
when we want to make a guess about something that happened in the past. In this
case, we don't know if what we're saying is true or not true. We're just
talking about our opinion of what maybe happened. (à°—à°¤ంà°²ో
జరిà°—ిà°¨ à°’à°• à°¸ంఘటణ à°—ుà°°ింà°šిà°¨ ఊహను à°ª్à°°à°¤ిà°ªాà°¦ింà°šుà°Ÿà°•ు ఉపయోà°—ిà°¸్à°¤ాà°®ు. à°…à°¦ి à°¨ిజమో à°•ాà°¦ో
à°¤ెà°²ియదు. à°•ేవలం మన à°…à°ిà°ª్à°°ాà°¯ాà°¨్à°¨ి à°¤ెà°²ుà°ªుà°Ÿà°•ు à°µాà°¡à°¤ాà°®ు.)
Why is Shravan late?
Why is Shravan late?
- He could have got stuck in traffic.
(Traffic
à°²ో à°šిà°•్à°•ుà°•ుà°¨ి à°‰ండవచ్à°šుà°¨ు.)
- He could have forgotten that we have a meeting today.
(అతను
à°ˆ à°°ోà°œు meeting
à°…à°¨ి మరచిà°ªోà°¯ి à°‰ండవచ్à°šుà°¨ు.)
- He could have overslept.
(అతను à°Žà°•్à°•ువగా పడుà°•ుà°¨ి à°‰ండవచ్à°šుà°¨ు.)
4.
We
can also use might have + past participle to mean the same thing: (3à°²ో à°šెà°ª్à°ªిà°¨ à°µిà°·à°¯ాà°¨్à°¨ే ఇలా à°•ూà°¡ా à°šెà°ª్పవచ్à°šుà°¨ు.)
- He might have got stuck in traffic.
- He might have forgotten that we were meeting today.
- He might have overslept.
Could have + past participle
This past modal verb is used
hypothetically, to talk about things that didn't really happen in the past. (à°¦ీà°¨ిà°¨ి à°—à°¤ంà°²ో జరగని పనుà°²
à°—ుà°°ింà°šి ఊహలను à°¤ెà°²ుà°ªుà°Ÿà°•ు ఉపయోà°—ిà°¸్à°¤ాà°®ు)
1.
Could
have + past participle: means that something was possible in the past, or you had the
ability to do something in the past, but that you didn't do it. (à°—à°¤ంà°²ో
à°’à°• పనిà°¨ి à°šేయగలిà°—ే అవకాà°¶ం à°µుంà°¦ి à°•ాà°¨ీ à°šేయలేà°¦ు à°…à°¨ే à°…à°°్à°¥ంà°²ో à°µాà°¡à°¤ాà°°ు.)
- I could have stayed up late, but I decided to go to bed early.
(à°¨ేà°¨ు
ఆలస్à°¯ం à°…à°¯్à°¯ేవరకు à°‰ంà°¡ే అవకాà°¶ం à°µుంà°¡ెà°¨ు à°•ాà°¨ీ à°¤ొందరగా à°¨ిà°¦్à°°à°ªోà°µాలని
à°¨ిà°°్ణయింà°šుà°•ుà°¨్à°¨ాà°¨ు.)
- They could have won the race, but they didn't try hard enough.
(à°µాà°³్à°²ు
à°—ెà°²ిà°šే అవకాà°¶ం à°µుంà°¡ెà°¨ు à°•ాà°¨ీ తగిà°¨ంతగా à°ª్రయత్à°¨ింà°šà°²ేà°¦ు.)
- Anil could have bought the book, but he borrowed it from his friend instead.
(Anil à°†
bookà°¨ి
à°•ొనగలిà°—ేà°µాà°¡ే à°•ాà°¨ీ అతని friend
à°¨ుంà°¡ి à°…à°°ుà°µు à°¤ెà°š్à°šుà°•ుà°¨్à°¨ాà°¡ు.)
- He could have studied harder, but he was too lazy and that's why he failed the exam.
(అతను
à°¬ాà°—ా చదవగలిà°—ేà°µాà°¡ే à°•ాà°¨ీ à°¸ోవరితనం వల్à°² fail
à°…à°¯్à°¯ాà°¡ు.)
2.
Couldn't
have + past participle: means that something wasn't possible in the past, even if
you had wanted to do it. (à°—à°¤ంà°¤ో à°’à°• పనిà°¨ి
à°šేà°¦్à°¦ామనుà°•ుà°¨్à°¨ా à°šేయలేà°•à°ªోà°¯ే పరిà°¸్à°¥ిà°¤ిà°¨ి à°¤ెà°²ుà°ªుà°Ÿà°•ు à°µాà°¡à°¤ాà°®ు.)
- I couldn't have arrived any earlier. There was a terrible traffic jam.
(à°¨ేà°¨ు
వద్à°¦ామనుà°•ుà°¨్à°¨ా terrible
traffic jam వల్à°² à°°ాà°²ేà°•à°ªోà°¯ేà°µాà°¨్à°¨ి.)
- He couldn't have passed the exam, even if he had studied harder. It's a really, really difficult exam.
(à°…à°¦ి
à°šాà°²ా à°•à° ినమైà°¨ పరీà°•్à°·, అతడు à°Žంà°¤ à°•à°·్టపడి à°šà°¦ిà°µిà°¨ా pass à°…à°¯్à°¯ేà°µాà°¡ు à°•ాà°¦ు.)
3.
We use could have + past participle
when we want to make a guess about something that happened in the past. In this
case, we don't know if what we're saying is true or not true. We're just
talking about our opinion of what maybe happened. (à°—à°¤ంà°²ో
జరిà°—ిà°¨ à°’à°• à°¸ంఘటణ à°—ుà°°ింà°šిà°¨ ఊహను à°ª్à°°à°¤ిà°ªాà°¦ింà°šుà°Ÿà°•ు ఉపయోà°—ిà°¸్à°¤ాà°®ు. à°…à°¦ి à°¨ిజమో à°•ాà°¦ో
à°¤ెà°²ియదు. à°•ేవలం మన à°…à°ిà°ª్à°°ాà°¯ాà°¨్à°¨ి à°¤ెà°²ుà°ªుà°Ÿà°•ు à°µాà°¡à°¤ాà°®ు.)
Why is Shravan late?
Why is Shravan late?
- He could have got stuck in traffic.
(Traffic
à°²ో à°šిà°•్à°•ుà°•ుà°¨ి à°‰ండవచ్à°šుà°¨ు.)
- He could have forgotten that we have a meeting today.
(అతను
à°ˆ à°°ోà°œు meeting
à°…à°¨ి మరచిà°ªోà°¯ి à°‰ండవచ్à°šుà°¨ు.)
- He could have overslept.
(అతను à°Žà°•్à°•ువగా పడుà°•ుà°¨ి à°‰ండవచ్à°šుà°¨ు.)
4.
We
can also use might have + past participle to mean the same thing: (3à°²ో à°šెà°ª్à°ªిà°¨ à°µిà°·à°¯ాà°¨్à°¨ే ఇలా à°•ూà°¡ా à°šెà°ª్పవచ్à°šుà°¨ు.)
- He might have got stuck in traffic.
- He might have forgotten that we were meeting today.
- He might have overslept.