What are LINKERS - CONNECTORS - DISCOURSE MARKERS? (తెలుగులో వివరణ ఉదాహరణ సహితంగా)

 What are LINKERS - CONNECTORS - DISCOURSE MARKERS?

                   ఒక paragraph construction జరుగుతున్నపుడు వివిధ రకాల expressions ని పలికించడానికి  ఉపయోగపడే words or phrases ని  LINKERS లేదా TRANSITIONS లేదా CONNECTORS లేదా DISCOURSE MARKERS అని కూడా అంటారు. ఇవి మనం అనుకున్న భావాన్ని చక్కగా వివరించడానికి, పోల్చడానికి, విరుద్ధ విషయాలను కలపడానికి, వర్ణంచడానికి, నిర్వచించడానికి, సంక్షప్తపరచడానికి అలాగే హేతుబద్ధీకరించడానికి ఉపయోగపడుతాయి. Descriptive paragraph రాయడానికి ఈ DISCOURSE MARKERS చాలా ఉపకరిస్తాయి.

What are linkers? 

        Linkers ఒక idea ను లేదా sentence of the text ను మరొక idea చేత లేదా sentence of the text చేత logical గా connect చేయడానికి ఉపయోగిస్తాము.

Why are they used? 

     ఇవి writer కు direction ఇస్తాయి మరియు reader ను thought process లో guide చేస్తాయి. వీటి వినియోగంతో write-up కు specific meaning వస్తుంది.

How to choose a linker?

       Linkers ని choose చేసుకునేపుడు Meaning criterion కు ప్రాధాన్యతనివ్వాలి. తరువాత logical relation తో చక్కగా ఉపయోగించాలి. For example, linkers like because, so and therefore express logical relations which are different from those expressed by although, but and nevertheless.

Listed below are some of the important linkers. Let us now learn them. 

cause and effect : 

Linkers: because, so, accordingly, thus, consequently, hence, therefore, as 

(వీటిని reason and result ను express చేయడానికి వాడతాము)

Ex: We had to wait because, it was raining.

comparison :

Linkers: similarly, likewise, whereas, but, on the other hand, except, by comparison, when compared to, equally, in the same way

(వీటిని similarities between two ideasను express చేయడానికి వాడతాము)

Ex: Life is difficult in extreme polls; similarly, it is horrible near the Equatorial regions.

contrast:

Linkers: but, however, yet, still, even though, nevertheless, on the other hand, otherwise, after all, for all of that, on the contrary, notwithstanding, in contrast, unlike, whereas, instead of, alternatively, although

(వీటిని differences between two ideasను express చేయడానికి వాడతాము)

Ex: Raj did not perform well in the exam; nevertheless, he got a distinction in English.

time:

Linkers: at once, immediately, meanwhile, at length, in the meantime, at the same time, in the end, when, then, as, before that, after that

(వీటిని time and frequency of eventsను express చేయడానికి వాడతాము)

Ex: The bell rang and the students left immediately.

addition:

Linkers: and, also, even, again, moreover, further, furthermore, similarly, in addition, as well as

(వీటిని main idea కు support ideas ని add చేయడానికి వాడతాము)

Ex: It is very hot today; moreover, there is a power outage.

example:

Linkers: for example, such as, for instance, in this case, in another case, on this occasion, in this situation, in this manner, to illustrate

(వీటిని main idea ను support  చేస్తూ illustrations చేయడానికి వాడతాము)

Ex: I think he is very rich; for example, he gave a hundred rupee note to a beggar.

sequence:

Linkers: first, second, third, next, then, following, now, at this point, after, after this, subsequently, eventually, finally, previously

(ఇవి importance of the ideas ని priority ప్రకారంగా listing చేయడానికి వాడతాము)

Ex: There is a students’ procession today; therefore, they diverted the traffic.

summary:

Linkers: in brief, on the whole, in sum, to sum up, thus

(ఇవి conclusion లేదా summarizing చేయడానికి వాడతాము)

Ex: It is a love story, the actors performed well, the direction is excellent, the settings are beautiful; in brief, it is a good film.

Example Paragraph:

            The human body is a wonderful piece of work that nature has created. It is not beautiful like the body of a butterfly or a peacock but it is shaped practically. It can do many types of work which other animals cannot. It is not strong like the body of a tiger. But in place of physical strength it has a big and sharp brain. By using this brain the human physique has been able to overcome many of its limitations. By sitting in an airplane it flies faster than a kite, by riding a motorcycle it travels faster than a leopard, and by firing a machine gun it fights much better than a tiger. In spite of all this, the human body suffers from many diseases because it has a weakness for habits such as smoking, drinking and overeating. When it is healthy the body can give great pleasure but when it is sick it can cause great pain. The wise man would always keep his body fit because a healthy mind can work only in a healthy body.

ఈ వ్యాసం చదివి TEST చేసుకోండి (Attitude is Altitude - Conjunctions or Linkers usage practice for class 10 English)

(ఈ వ్యాసం మీకు నచ్చితే తప్పకుండా SHARE చేయండి COMMENT చేయండి)